AD  D  E  ESS 


DELIVERED    BEFORE 


THE  SOCIETY  OF 

CALIFORNIA  VOLUNTEERS, 


AT    ITS 


FIRST  ANNUAL  CELEBRATION, 

• 

AT  S.\x  FRANCISCO,  APRIL  25TH,  1866, 

BY 

WM.  GOUVERNEUR  MORRIS, 

(OF  NAPA   COUNTY,) 
Formerly  Adjutant  Second  California  Cavalry;  late  Captain  and  A.  Q.  M.,  U.  S.  Vols. 


P  U  B  L I S  H  E  I )     13  Y     T  HE     S  0  C  I  E  T  Y. 


SAN    FRANCISCO: 

<  O.M.MKIU'IAL  STEAM  PRINTING  HOUSE:    FKAXCIS,   VALENTINE  &  CO. 

Xo.  517  Clay  Street,  and  510  to  514  Commercial  Street 

1866. 


A  D  D  K  E  S  S 


DELIVERED   BEFORE 


THE  SOCIETY  OF 

CALIFORNIA  VOLUNTEERS, 


AT    ITS 


FIRST  ANNUAL  CELEBRATION, 

AT  SAN  FRANCISCO,  APRIL  25TH,  1866, 


BY 


WM.  GOUVERNEUR  MORRIS, 

(OP  NAPA  COUNTY,) 
Formerly  Adjutant  Second  California  Cavalry;  late  Captain  and  A.  Q.  M.,  U.  S.  Vols. 


PUBLISHED    BY    THE    SOCIETY. 


SAN   FBANCISCO: 

COMMERCIAL  STEAM  PRINTING  HOUSE :   FRANCIS,  VALENTINE  &  CO. 
No.  517  Clay  Street,  and  510  to  514  Commercial  Street 

1866. 


•4 
•  M8 


ADDRESS. 


MR.  PRESIDENT  AND  GENTLEMEN  OF  THE  SOCIETY  : 

To  perpetuate  the  memory  of  past  deeds  and  associations,  by  the 
renewal  of  friendship  and  the  commingling  of  thought,  is  both 
pleasant  and  useful,  tending  to  promote  good  fellowship  and  raise 
ourselves  in  the  scale  of  social  communication ;  whilst  we  enjoy  the 
beneficial  results  from  an  interchange  of  sentiment,  fraught  by  years 
of  stern  experience. 

The  rebellion  has  been  squelched,  treason  subjugated,  an  erring 
and  misguided  people  have  laid  down  their  arms,  vanquished  sorely 
in  the  conflict,  and  peace  has  been  proclaimed  by  the  President  of 
the  United  States. 

Rapid  and  varied  have  been  the  events  which  have  convulsed  the 
life  of  the  Nation,  and  threatened  its  very  existence  during  the  past 
four  years.  It  will  be  impossible  in  the  course  of  this  brief  address 
to  allude  to  the  causes  which  brought  about  this  unhappy  state  of 
affairs ;  alas,  they  are  too  deeply  engraven  upon  the  hearts  of  the 
American  People,  to  require  any  explanation  or  elaboration  at  the 
present  day.  Our  province  to-night  will  be  to  examine  what  part  we 
have  played  in  the  great  struggle  for  Liberty  and  human  freedom, 
and,  though  circumscribed  may  have  been  our  sphere,  to  examine 
well  our  own  immediate  history  and  actions,  and  see  if  we  can  lay 
our  hands  upon  our  hearts  with  the  conscious  and  proud  satisfaction 
°f  knowing  that  we  have  done  our  duty,  humble  though  may  it  have 
been  in  its  peculiar  details. 

The  idea  of  the  formation  of  this  Society  was  a  good  one,  and  if 
properly  carried  out,  may  result  in  many  beneficial  results.  It  dates 
its  existence  from  the  2nd  day  of  January  of  the  present  year,  and 
its  objects  can  readily  be  gathered  from  the  language  of  the  pream- 
ble, which  reads  as  follows : 


"We,  the  undersigned,  having  been  officers  of  the  California  Vol- 
unteers in  the  service  of  the  United  States  during  the  past  four  years, 
and  deeming  it  honorable  and  worthy  of  commemoration  to  have 
served  our  country  in  its  hour  of  peril,  and  being  desirous  of  per- 
petuating the  friendship  and  ties  engendered  during  that  period, 
and  of  cultivating  social  intercourse  in  the  future,  do  form  ourselves 
into  an  association  and  adopt  the  following  constitution." 

Terse  and  to  the  point  are  these  few  words ;  how  fraught  they 
may  yet  be  of  importance  to  us  all.  Isolated  as  we  are  from  our 
Atlantic  brethren,  dependent  in  a  great  measure  upon  our  own  re- 
sources, we  should  "  in  time  of  peace  prepare  for  war,"  and  never 
again  be  placed  in  the  alarming  and  perilous  situation  we  were  in 
the  early  spring  of  1861. 

"When  the  secret  history  of  the  late  rebellion  comes  to  be  written, 
events  will  appear  of  so  startling  a  character  as  almost  to  challenge 
belief.  It  is  well  known  in  military  circles  that  a  deliberate  plan 
was~  formed  to  revolutionize  California,  and  join  her  fortunes  to  the 
oligarchy  of  Jeff.  Davis,  Wigfall  and  Company.  The  extent  of  this 
plot  iftjfls  so  great,  and  its  ramifications  were  so  numerous,  as  to 
speedily  call  the  attention  of  the  authorities  at  Washington  to  the 
necessity  of  prompt  and  speedy  action. 

Here  on  this  coast  we  were  slumbering  upon  a  volcano,  ready  to 
burst  out  at  any  moment.  Not  dreaming  of  danger,  we  were  quietly 
watching  events  at  the  East,  Micawber  like,  "waiting  for  something 
to  turn  up ;  "  the  military  commandant  of  the  Pacific,  more  than 
suspected  of  incipient  treason,  perhaps  ready  and  willing  to  deliver 
up  Fort  Alcatraces  and  all  our  defenses  to  such  men  as  Austin  E. 
Smith,  Calhoun  Benham,  Charles  T.  Botts,  and  others  of  that  kid- 
ney, the  pink  of  southern  chivalry. 

I  will  here  state,  however,  as  an  act  of  justice  to  the  friends  of  the 
late  General  Albert  Sidney  Johnston,  that  they  claim — with  what 
show  of  reason  or  groundwork  of  fact  to  rest  upon  I  know  not — 
that  General  Johnston  never  would  have  betrayed  the  Federal  Gov- 
ernment as  long  as  he  held  a  commission  under  it.  I  hope  inwardly 
that  such  may  be  the  case ;  but  his  subsequent  career  in  the  Con- 
federate service,  ending  with  his  life,  might  perhaps  preclude  the 
probability  of  the  truth  of  such  a  hypothesis. 

We  have  before  us  the  example  of  the  infamous  surrender  of  that 
arch  coward  and  traitor,  David  Emanuel  Twiggs,  in  Texas,  a  like 
surrender  in  New  Mexico,  by  a  like  man,  one  Isaac  Lynde,  late  a 
Major  in  the  Federal  army;  and  were  we  to  go  on,  there  would  be 
no  end  of  finding  out  how  base  and  hollow  were  the  protestations  of 
these  high  born,  high  bred,  chivalrous  sons  of  the  South. 


Suffice  it  to  say  that  the  Pacific  Qoast  was  not  thrown  into  the 
jaws  of  the  enemy.  How  was  this  brought  about  ? 

Five  years  ago  this  day  a  vessel  steamed  through  the  Golden  Gate, 
bearing  amongst  its  passengers  a  man  of  martial  form  and  noble 
mien.  Quiet  in  his  embarkation  from  the  city  of  New  York,  retired 
during  the  voyage,  his  presence  was  hardly  known,  and  his  real 
character  undiscovered,  till  the  steamer  approached  the  fortification 
at  Fort  Point,  when  he  appeared  in  the  full  uniform  of  a  Brigadier- 
General  in  the  United  States  Army. 

Such,  fellow  citizens,  was  the  advent  of  General  Edwin  Y.  Sumner 
to  this  coast.  Hardly  had  the  steamer  been  made  fast  to  the  whart 
and  discharged  her  living  cargo,  ere  the  following  remarkable  order 
was  published. 

HEAD-QUARTERS,  DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  PACIFIC,  { 
SAN  FRANCISCO,  April  25,  1861.  ) 

fOrder  No.  5.J 

In  compliance  with  Special  Order  No.  86,  dated  "War  Department,  Adjutant-General's 
Office,  Washington.  March  23d,  1861,"  I  hereby  assume  command  of  this  Department.  Al 
concerned  will  govern  themselves  accordingly. 

(Signed)  E.  V.  SUMNER, 

Brigadier-General  U.  S.  Army. 
Official.       B.  C.  DRUM, 

Ass't  Adjutant-General. 

I  challenge  the  most  expert  of  you  all  to  produce  a  composition 
more  decisive  and  comprehensive.  From  that  hour  California  was 
safe,  loyal  men  could  breathe  easily  and  retire  to  their  couches  in 
security ;  treason  was  nipped  in  the  bud ;  Chivs,  who  heretofore 
were  as  thick  as  leaves  in  Yallambrosa,  suddenly  became  scarce,  had 
G.  T.  T.  (gone  to  Texas)  marked  on  their  doors ;  and  embryo  Con- 
federate Generals  and  officers  of  all  grades  gnashed  their  teeth  and 
clawed  their  nails  in  their  impotent  rage,  that  they  were  one  day  too 
late.  Yes,  be  it  here  proclaimed,  and  I  say  it  boldly,  General  Sumner 
arrived  here  not  one  day  too  soon  ! 

New^ife  was  infused  into  Union  men.  His  administration  was 
commenced  by  the  removal  of  all  doubtful  officers  from  important 
commands,  and  placing  in  their  stead  men  of  known  loyalty  and 
fidelity.  He  at  once  commenced  to  raise  troops  for  defense  here. 
The  Governor  of  the  State  issued  his  proclamation,  and  right  nobly 
did  the  sons  of  California  respond  to  the  call.  To  the  efforts  of 
General  Sumner  may  the  first  regiments  of  volunteers  raised  in  this 
State  attribute  their  efficiency.  It  is  true  that  the  discipline,  drill 
and  organization  was  most  of  it  perfected  after  he  had  been  called 
to  another  scene  of  action,  but  the  proper  selection  of  officers  was 
due  to  him.  It  may  now  be  stated — a  fact  of  which,  probably,  none 


6 

of  you  are  aware — that  so  little  confidence  did  the  Administration 
have  in  the  patriotism  and  integrity  of  John  G.  Downey,  the  acci- 
dental Governor  of  California,  at  that  time,  that  General  Sumner 
was  empowered  t&  commission  all  officers  himself,  should  he  deem 
it  necessary.  Happily  he  was  not  called  upon  to  exercise  this  power. 
Governor  Downey,  as  a  general  rule,  appointed  loyal  men,  and  as 
competent  as  could  be  expected,  for  at  that  time  we  were  infants  in 
the  art  of  war. 

His  selections  of  field  officers,  it  is  true,  were  made  from  the  reg- 
ular army  in  the  main,  and  it  was  unfortunate  for  the  different  regi- 
ments that  they  were  detatched  from  their  commands  at  so  early  a 
date.  The  remainder  of  his  appointments  were  made  from  politi- 
ticians  chiefly ;  and  to  their  honor  be  it  said,  that  but  few  carried 
their  party  prejudices  into  the  corps  of  the  army.  Such  as  did, 
failed  signally  as  soldiers,  were  either  dismissed  in  disgrace,  resigned 
under  charges,  covered  with  odium,  the  laughing-stock  of  every  man 
possessed  of  the  true  military  spirit. 

General  Sumner  was  permitted  to  remain  but  a  short  time  with  us. 
His  eminent  services  as  a  soldier  were  required  at  the  sent  of  war  on 
the  battle  field.  His  mission  here  was  accomplished ;  he  had  saved 
California  from  impending  ruin,  rescued  her  from  the  infamous  jaws 
of  treason  and  the  machinations  of  detestable  traitors,  many  of 
whom  are  now  boldly  stalking  Montgomery  street  to-day,  prating  of 
their  loyalty,  and  endeavoring  to  make  it  appear  that  they  have 
Tylerized  President  Johnson,  who,  did  he  deem  it  necessary,  would 
use  all  the  manila  in  Front  street  in  stretching  their  miserable 
necks,  if  required  for  the  salvation  of  the  Government. 

General  Sumner  departed  as  quietly  from  this  coast  as  he  had 
come.  He  was  permitted  to  depart  unheralded.  Our  platform 
statuary  and  leading  citizens  of  well  known  loyalty  and  liberality  (?) 
were  non  est  inventus,  probably  shut  up  at  this  very  time  in  their 
counting  rooms,  devising  schemes  to  repudiate  in  California^  the  in- 
troduction and  circulation  of  the  national  currency ;  when,  it  may 
be  observed,  that  had  it  not  been  for  General  Sumner,  many  of  these 
same  merchant  princes  and  eloquent  divines,  might  have  been  lashed 
naked  through  Portsmouth  Square  by  the  scions  of  Virginia  chiv- 
alry in  California,  and  exhibited  as  the  Romans  did  their  gladiators, 
and  deemed  it  a  prized  boon  to  be  permitted  to  black  the  boots  of 
such  heroes  as  Duke  Gwin,  or  curry  horses  for  David  S.  Terry. 

General  Sumner  turned  over  his  department  to  worthy  and  noble 
hands,  mention  of  which  will  be  made  hereafter.  His  life,  so  valu- 


able  to  his  country,  was  sacrified  at  the  altar  of  his  ambition.  He 
died,  as  lie  had  lived,  an  accomplished  soldier  and  a  finished  gentle- 
man. I  know  of  no  one  in  whom  were  more  centered  all  the  quali- 
ties which  entitled  him  to  be  considered  as  the  Marshal  Ney  of 
America. 

This  day  has  been  well  chosen  as  your  anniversary.  This  selec- 
tion was  a  happy  thought  which  suggested  itself  to  el  Capitan  Don 
Patrico  Munday — esto  perpetua  ! 

We  can  but  glance  briefly  at  the  services  rendered  by  our  volun- 
teers ;  remote  as  they  have  been  from  the  immediate  scene  of  con- 
flict, opportunities  for  individual  daring  have  been  but  rare,  and 
their  engagements  but  mere  skirmishes  compared  with  those  of 
greater  magnitude.  In  the  old  army  they  would  have  been  called 
hard  fought  battles  before  the  late  war.  The  result,  however,  of  our 
services,  may  be  far  greater  than  is  generally  attributed  to  us,  and 
may  some  day  meet  with  a  just  reward.  At  the  present  time,  how- 
ever, it  must  be  confessed,  that  to  have  served  in  the  army  faithfully 
during  the  war,  is  the  surest  thing  to  defeat  an  application  for  em. 
ployment  at  the  hands  of  the  San  Francisco  merchants  and  capitalists, 
who  have  stayed  at  home,  coined  money  out  of  the  war,  and  lustily 
shouted  for  freedom,  and  shed  huge  crocodile  tears  at  the  fate  of  the 
intelligent  contraband  and  the  oppressed  freedman. 

California,  during  the  late  war,  furnished  more  troops  for  the 
Federal  Government,  than  the  effective  strength  of  the  regular  army 
consisted  of  at  the  breaking  out  of  the  rebellion.  By  reference  to 
the  last  report  of  the  Adjutant-General  of  this  State,  late  Colonel 
George  S.  Evans  of  tl^e  Second  California  Cavalry,  who  has  carried 
into  the  organization  of  the  State  Militia,  his  correct  and  well  de- 
served experience  in  the  service ;  it  will  be  found  that  California 
raised  as  soldiers,  rank  and  file,  sixteen  thousand  two  hundred  and 
thirty-one  men ;  of  this  number,  five  hundred  were  credited  to  the 
quota  of  Massachusetts,  men  being  sent  from  here  as  substitutes  for 
drafted  men  there.  Had  I  been  Governor  of  California,  they  never 
should  have  left  this  coast  as  such  an  organization.  Massachusetts 
should  have  filled  her  ranks  at  home  and  not  come  here  to  recruit. 
Of  the  troops  thus  raised  may  be  classified  as  follows,  bearing  in 
mind  that  the  total  are  all  the  enlistments  during  the  war,  it  being 
impossible  without  much  research  to  determine  the  exact  number  of 
commissioned  officers,  so  the  aggregate  cannot  be  given.  I  should 
judge  that  at  le'ast  eight  hundred  officers  have  been  commissioned. 
The  figures  refer  to  the  rank  and  file : 


8 

First  Cavalry 1,686  men. 

Second  Cavalry 2,399  men. 

First  Native  Battalion  of  Cavalry 564  men. 

First  Infantry 1,407  men. 

Second  Infantry 1,858  men. 

Third  Infantry 1,580  men. 

Fourth  Infantry 1,633  men. 

Fifth  Infantry 1,000  men. 

Sixth  Infantry 1,213  men. 

Seventh  Infantry 958  men. 

Eighth  Infantry ••• 1,018  men. 

The  Battalion  Mountaineers  raised  for  especial  service  against 
the  Indians  in  the  northern  portion  of  this  State,  were  commanded 
by  Colonel  S.  G-.  Whipple.  They  were  in  service  but  a  few  months. 
Their  strength  was  four  hundred  and  ninety-five  men,  exclusive  of 
officers. 

California  also  furnished  several  companies  of  men  for  the  differ- 
ent volunteer  regiments  which  were  raised  in  Oregon  and  Wash- 
ington Territory,  which  are  not  enumerated  in  the  above  figures. 
It  will  be  thus  seen  that  this  State  has  not  been  backward  in  sending 
men  to  the  field,  and  when  we  take  into  consideration  that  for  years 
the  troops  have  been  paid  in  a  depreciated  currency,  worth  at  times 
thirty-eight  cents  upon  the  dollar,  whilst  the  Legislature  of  this 
State,  composed  of  men  eleeted  as  Unionists,  were  passing  laws  nul- 
lifying Acts  of  Congress,  playing  into  the  hands  of  Copperheads, 
and  making  themselves  ridiculous  generally,  it  is  a  great  wonder, 
and  can  only  be  attributed  to  the  superior  state  of  discipline  preva- 
lent amongst  the  California  troops,  that  they  did  not  disband,  throw 
down  their  arms,  and  abandon  the  Legislative  Solons  to  the  tender 
mercies  of  the  Southern  Chivalry,  who  would  have  horsewhipped 
them  into  the  Sacramento  river,  had  they  not  entertained  a  whole- 
some fear  and  well  conceived  dread  of  the  bayonets  of  the  blue- 
jackets. 

The  operations  of  our  Volunteer  Contingent  have  been  extended 
over  a  scope  of  country  thousand  of  miles  in  extent,  reaching  from 
the  extreme  border  of  our  possessions  in  the  Northwest  Pacific  to 
the  Rio  Grande. 

In  the  fall  of  1861,  Colonel  Carleton,  of  the  First  California  In- 
fantry, and  Captain  and  Brevet-Major  First  Regular  Cavalry,  since 
appointed  Brigadier-General  of  volunteers,  commenced  organizing 
an  expedition  at  Camp  Drum,  since  named  Drum  Barracks,  Cali- 


fornia.  This  army  was  intended  for  operations  in  Arizona  and  New 
Mexico,  and  just  prior  to  leaving  Fort  Yuma  and  crossing  the  Colo- 
rado, was  designated  in  orders  by  General  Carleton  as  the  "  Column 
from  California." 

The  troops  composing  this  expedition  consisted  of,  the  First  Cali- 
fornia Infantry,  Col.  Edwin  A.  Bigg  commanding ;  Fifth  California 
Infantry,  Col.  Geo.  W.  Bowie ;  First  Battalion  of  California  Cav- 
alry, Lieut.  Col.  E.  E.  Eyre  commanding  (since  raised  to  a  full  regi- 
ment) ;  one  company  of  the  Second  Cavalry,  commanded  by  Capt. 
John  C.  Cremony;  and  one  battery  Third  U.  S.  Artillery,  Lieut. 
John  B.  Shinn,  U.S.A.,  commanding — in  all  about  twenty-five  hun- 
dred men.  The  march  of  this  column  from  San  Pedro  to  the  Rio 
Grande  was  a  decided  success,  and  reflects  much  credit  upon  the 
commanding  General  and  the  endurance  of  the  officers  and  men. 
To  those  who  have  never  served  either  in  Arizona  or  ]$"ew  Mexico, 
the  fatigue,  trials,  hardships  and  privations  to  which  these  troops 
have  been  subjected  can  hardly  be  imagined.  Encountering  arid 
wastes,  tropical  suns,  deserts  almost  totally  devoid  of  water,  harras- 
sed  constantly  by  Indians,  urged  to  deeds  of  brutal  violence  and 
murder  by  Mormon  emissaries  and  depraved  secessionists,  I  repeat 
that  the  courage  and  endurance  displayed  is  of  the  highest  character. 
In  order  that  you  may  form  some  idea  of  how  this  force  was  em- 
ployed, I  here  incorporate  entire  a  copy  of  General  Orders  "No.  4, 
of  General  Carlton,  dated  at  Santa  Fe,  New  Mexico,  February  18th, 
1865,  giving  a  synopsis  of  Indian  scouts  and  their  results  for  the 
year  1864,  in  that  Territory,  together  with  an  account  of  the  estab- 
lishment and  prosperity  of  the  Indian  Reservation  at  Bosque  Red- 
ondo — a  document  full  of  valuable  information,  and  which  should 
be  carefully  preserved  in  the  archives  of  the  Society.  Produced,  it 
reads  as  follows : 

HEAD-QUARTERS,  DEPARTMENT  OP  NEW  MEXICO,     ) 
SANTA  FE,  New  Mexico,  February  18th,  1865.         j" 
[General  Orders  No.  4.] 

I.  The  following  record  of  combats  with  Indians  on  the  part  of  the  troops,  as  well  as  on 
that  of  citizens  of  New  Mexico  and  Arizona,  during  the  year  1864,  is  published  for  the  infor- 
mation of  all  concerned.    Only  those  operations  are  mentioned  which  were  attended  with 
results  either  in  our  favor  or  against  us,  and  they  are  about  as  one  to  four;  so  that  the  ac- 
count which  follows  shows  but  a  faint  idea  of  the  work  performed.    It  is  possible  that  there 
may  have  been  some  robberies  which  are  not  mentioned  here ;  but,  if  so,  no  authentic  report 
of  them  has  been  received. 

II.  The  number  of  Indians  on  the  Reservation  at  the  Bosque  Redondo,  as  shown  by  Gen- 
eral Orders,  No.  3,  series  for  1864,  from  these  Head-Quarters,  was  seven  hundred  and  three 
Apaches  and  Navajos,  on  the  31st  day  of  December,  of  that  year. 

January.    Major  Sena,  1st  Cavalry,  New  Mexican  Volunteers,  with  his  command,  arrived  at 
Fort  Canby,  bringing  in  three  hundred  and  forty-four  Navajo  prisoners. 


10 

January  3.  "Wagon-Master  Russell's  train,  en  route  to  Fort  Canby,  N.  M.,  was  attacked  near 
the  Puerco  by  about  one  hundred  and  fifty  Navajo  Indians.  Mr.  Rrissell  was  killed. 
Mr.  Strong  and  two  teamsters  wounded.  The  three  lead  wagons  were  cut  off,  and 
twenty  mules  were  taken  by  the  Indians,  together  with  some  corn,  blankets,  &c. 

This  information  was  forwarded  to  the  Commanding  General  of  the  Department, 
by  Major  John  C.  McFerran,  Chief  Quarter-Master,  with  the  following  remarks : 

"Respectfully  referred  to  the  Department  Commander  for  his  information.  This 
wagon-master,  Russell,  is  Powell  Russell,  who  entered  the  service  of  the  Quarter- 
Master's  Department,  as  a  teamster,  a  poor,  illiterate  boy,  in  1853.  By  his  honesty, 
industry,  modesty,  truth  and  energy,  he  rose  to  be  the  principal,  or  head  wagon- 
master  in  the  Department.  This  position  he  has  filled  to  the  perfect  satisfaction 
of  every  one,  and  has  now  fallen,  like  a  true  man  as  he  was,  at  his  post  and  doing  his 
duty.  It  will  be  very,  very  difficult  to  replace  him." 

Januarys.  Major  Edward  B.  Willis,  1st  Infantry  California  Volunteers,  Commanding  Fort 
Whipple,  Arizona,  report?  that  the  Penal  Apaches  run  off  eleven  head  of  Govern- 
ment cattle,  at  Walker's  Mines.  A  party  under  Captain  Hargrave  was  sent  in  pursuit 
but  failed  to  overtake  the  Indians. 

January  6.  Captain  Julius  C.  Shaw,  1st  Cavalry,  N.  M.,  Volunteers,  Commanding  Fort  Win- 
gate,  reports  that  four  Navajo  Indians  surrendered  themselves  at  that  post. 

January  6.  Major  Henry  D.  Wallen,  U.  S.  7th  Infantry,  commanding  Fort  Sumner,  New 
Mexico,  reports  that,  on  the  morning  of  the  5th  inst.,  the  Navajos  run  off  the  Apache 
herd  from  that  post.  Lieut.  Newbold,  5th  U.  S.  Infantry,  with  ten  mounted  men  of 
the  2nd  Cavalry,  California  Volunteers,  and  the  5th  U.  S.  Infantry,  were  sent  in  pursuit, 
accompanied  by  Mr.  Labadi,  Indian  Agent,  Mr.  Carillo,Mr.  Whittemore  and  twenty- 
five  Apaches  from  the  Reservation.  Captain  Galloway  and  his  Company  "I,"  1st  In- 
fantry, California  Volunteers,  was  directed  to  follow  the  trail  of  the  mounted  party. 
Lieutenant  Newbold  encountered  over  one  hundred  Navajos,  mounted  and  on  foot, 
about  twelve  miles  from  the  post.  A  sharp  fight  ensued,  in  which  nine  Navajos  were 
left  dead  on  the  field.  The  Najavos  then  broke  into  two  parties  and  fled,  and  a  run. 
ning  fight  was  kept  up  for  about  ten  miles.  Part  of  the  force  pursued  one  party  to 
the  Pecos  river.  Of  this  party,  only  eight  escaped.  Of  the  other  party  of  Indians, 
only  seventeen  escaped,  and  some  of  these  were  wounded.  Forty  Indians  are  re- 
ported to  have  been  left  dead  on  the  field,  and  at  least  twenty-five  wounded.  It  is 
believed  that  nearly  all  the  Navajos  would  have  been  killed  had  it  not  been  for  the  ex- 
tremely cold  weather.  The  mercury  was  ten  degrees  below  zero.  The  men  could 
with  difficulty  cap  their  pieces — their  fingers  being  so  numb.  Some  were  frost-bitten. 
About  fifty  head  of  horses  and  mules  were  recovered  in  this  fight,  all  belonging  to  the 
Apaches.  Major  Wallen  calls  the  attention  of  the  General  Commanding  to  the  hand- 
some manner  in  which  Lieutenant  Newbold  managed  this  successful  engagement ; 
also  to  the  meritorious  conduct  of  the  soldiers,  citizens,  and  Apaches  engaged. 

January  8.  Mr.  George  Cooler.  Wagon  and  Forage  Master,  at  Fort  Craig,  New  Mexico,  with 
ten  infantry  soldiers  and  a  party  of  Mexican  citizens,  while  on  a  scout  after  Indians, 
recovered  one  Mexican  boy,  named  Vincente  Ubano,  who  was  stolen  by  the  Indians 
near  the  Pecos  river,  one  rifle  and  fifty-eight  goats.  On  the  llth  inst.,  came  upon  a 
party  of  Indians  and  succeeded  in  killing  one  and  capturing  one  squaw  and  one 
child.  In  this  skirmish  two  of  the  Cooler's  party  were  wounded.  One  of  them, 
Jose'  Garcia,  died  the  next  day.  On  the  12th,  found  seven  horses  and  one  mule,  and 
captured  two  Indian  women. 

January  12th.  Captain  Julius  C.  Shaw,  1st  Cavalry,  N.  M.  Volunteers,  commanding  Fort 
Wingate,  reports  that  Lieutenant  Jose  M.  Sanches,  with  a  detachment  of  Company 
"F,"lst  Cavalry,  New  Mexican  Volunteers,  attacked  a  party  of  Indians  near  the 
Datil  Mountains,  and  killed  three  men,  captured  two  women  and  one  boy,  and  18 
Navajo  horses,  and  62  head  of  sheep  and  goats.  The  Chief,  Sordo,  was  killed  in  this 
fight.  Captain  Shaw  also  reports  that  sixty  Navajos  have  given  themselves  up  at  that 
post  since  the  1st  inst. 

January  14.  Sergeant  Joseph  Felmer,  1st  Cavalry,  California  Volunteers,  reports  that  he  re- 
covered seven  head  of  cattle,  while  in  pursuit  of  a  party  of  Indians,  and  turned  them 
over  to  Don  Pablo,  of  La  Joya,  N.  M. 


11 

January  15.  Serafin  Ramirez,  a  citizen  of  New  Mexico,  reports  that  Navajo  Indians  drove  off 
twelve  head  of  cattle  and  two  mules  belonging  to  him,  between  the  25th  of  December 
and  9th  of  January,  and  during  the  same  time  they  killed  three  of  his  cattle. 

January  21.  Capt.  Julius  C.  Shaw,  commanding  Fort  Wingate,  N.  M.  reports  that  twenty, 
three  Navajo  Indians  have  surrendered  at  that  post  since  his  last  report. 

January.  On  the  6th  inst.,  Colonel  Christopher  Carson,  commanding  the  Navajo  expedition, 
left  Fort  Canby,  New  Mexico,  with  14  commissioned  officers  and  375  enlisted  men, 
on  an  expedition  to  the  Canon  de  Chelly.  On  the  8th  inst.,  one  warrior  was  killed 
by  the  Colonel's  escort.  On  the  12th,  Sergeant  Andres  Herrera,  with  50  men,  who 
was  sent  out  the  previous  night  returned,  bringing  into  camp  two  women  and  two 
children  prisoners,  and  one  hundred  and  fifty  head  of  sheep  and  goats,  and  reported 
that  his  command  had  killed  eleven  and  wounded  five  Indians.  On  the  14th  inst,, 
Capt.  Pfeiffer  and  party,  who  had  been  sent  out  from  Fort  Canby  some  days  previous, 
to  operate  in  the  east  opening  of  the  canon,  came  into  camp  and  reported  having 
passed  through  the  Canon  without  a  single  casuality  in  his  command.  He  killed 
three  Indians  and  brought  in  nineteen  prisoners,  women  and  children.  On  the  15th 
inst. ,  sixty  Indians  arrived  in  camp  and  surrendered  themselves  as  prisoners.  On  the 
same  day  a  party,  under  command  of  Capt.  Joseph  Berney,  killed  two  Indians  and 
captured  four.  One  hundred  and  ten  Indians  surrendered  to  Capt.  Carey's  command, 
while  upon  its  return  march  to  Fort  Canby.  Result  of  this  expedition :  Indians 
killed,  23 ;  wounded,  5 ;  prisoners,  34 ;  voluntarily  surrendered,  200  ;  and  200  head  of 
sheep  and  goats  captured. 

January  24.  A  party  of  thirty  Americans  and  fourteen  Maricopa  and  Pimo  Indians,  under 
Colonel  King  S.  Wooisey,  Aid  to  the  Governor  of  Arizona,  attacked  a  baud  of  Gila 
Apaches,  sixty  or  seventy  miles  N.  E.  of  the  Pimo  Villages,  and  killed  nineteen  of 
them  and  wounded  others.  Mr.  Curus  Lennon,  of  Woolsey's  party,  was  killed  by  a 
wounded  Indian. 

January  26.  Lieut.  Thomas  A.  Young,  5th  Infantry,  California  Volunteers,  with  one  sergeant 
and  eleven  privates  of  the  California  Volunteers,  started  from  Fort  Craig,  New  Mex- 
ico, on  a  scout  after  Indians.  On  the  28th  inst.,  the  party  was  attacked  by  about  sixty 
Indians,  who  wounded  Lieut.  Young,  Sergeant  Thomas  Richards,  and  Privates  Harvey 
McConkey,  Thomas  Clark  and  Louis  Mann,  of  Company  <l  D"  1st  Cavalry,  California 
Volunteers.  In  this  affair  seven  Indians  were  killed.  The  party,  not  being  strong 
enough  to  continue  the  fight,  returned  to  Fort  Craig  on  the  30th  inst. 

January.  The  militia  of  Sorocco  County,  New  Mexico,  under  General  Stanislaus  Montoya, 
on  a  scout  near  Sierra  Datil,  killed  twenty  Indians  and  took  twenty  prisoners. 

February  2.  Major  E.  W.  Eaton,  commanding  Fort  Wingate,  sent  two  hundred  Indians  from 
that  post  to  Los  Pinos,  en  route  to  the  Bosque  Rcdondo.  The  Chief,  Delgadito,  ar- 
rived at  Fort  Wingate  this  day,  with  six  hundred  and  eighty  Indians. 

February  14.  Captain  A.  B.  Carey,  U.  S.  A.,  commanding  Fort  Canby,  N.  M.,  reports  the 
arrival  at  that  post  of  Soldado  Surdo,  with  his  herd;  also,  that  there  are  one  thou- 
sand prisoners  now  at  that  post. 

February  14.  Captain  Joseph  Berney,  1st  Cavalry,  New  Mexican  volunteers,  arrived  at  Los 
Pinos  this  day,  bringing  in  one  hundred  and  seventy-five  Navajo  prisoners. 

February  24.  Captain  A.  B.  Carey,  commanding  the  Navajo  Expedition,  reports  that  he  has 
forwarded  one  hundred  and  seventy-five  Navajos  to  the  Bosque  Redondo,  since  last 
report,  and  that  there  are  now  one  thousand  five  hundred  Navajos  at  Fort  Canby, 
awaiting  transportation. 

February  24.  Lieut.  Martin  Mullins,  U.  S.  A.,  commanding  at  Los  Pinos,  N.  M.,  reports  that, 
to  present  date,  two  thousand  and  nineteen  Navajos  have  arrived  at  that  post,  en 
route  to  Fort  Sumner,  and  that  there  are  one  thousand  four  hundred  and  forty-five 
now  at  the  post,  awaiting  transportation. 

February  24.  Captain  James  H.  Whitlock,  with  twenty-one  men  of  his  company,  "  F,"  5th 
Infantry,  California  Volunteers,  left  camp  on  the  Miembres,  N.  M.,  on  the  24th  day 
of  February,  on  a  scout  after  Apache  Indians.  At  about  5  o'clock,  P.  M.,  on  the  25th, 
he  came  up  to  a  party  of  nineteen  Indians ;  attacked  and  killed  thirteen  of  them  and 
wounded  the  others,  and  captured  one  Indian  pony.  The  command  returned  to  camp 
on  the  29th,  without  the  slightest  accident  of  any  kind. 


12 

February  25.  Three  Indian  women  escaped  from  the  detachment  commanded  by  Lieut.  W. 
B.  Smith,  1st  Infantry,  California  Volunteers,  while  en  route  from  Fort  Union  to  the 
Bosque  Redondo. 

February  28.  Capt.  A.  B.  Carey  reports  that  there  two  thousand  five  hundred  Navajos  at  Fort 
Canby,  awaiting  transportation  to  the  Bosque  Redondo. 

March  4.  Two  thousand  one  hundred  and  thirty-eight  Navajos  were  this  day  forwarded  from 
Fort  Canby  to  the  Bosque  Redondo,  having  in  their  possession  four  hundred  and 
seventy-three  horses  and  three  thousand  sheep.  One  hundred  and  twenty-six  Indians 
died  at  Fort  Canby,  between  the  20th  of  February  and  March  4th. 

March  7.  Lieut.  Hodt,  1st  Cavalry,  N.  M.  Volunteers,  with  twenty-five  enlisted  men,  left 
Fort  Canby  on  a  scout,  in  search  of  Indians  who  had  stolen  eighteen  horses  and  mules 
from  Caballo  Prieto,  chief,  who  had  surrendered.  The  thioves,  four  in  number,  were 
captured  near  Zufii,  and  eleven  head  of  the  stock  recovered. 

March  8.  ^Capt.  Quirino  Maes,  from  Conejos,  Colorado  Territory,  with  an  independent  com- 
pany of  sixty-seven  men,  arrived  at  Pueblo  Colorado.  This  company  had  been  ope- 
rating against  the  Navajos  since  the  1st  of  January,  1864,  and  had  killed  twenty-six 
Indians  and  captured  four.  Five  horses  were  taken  from  the  Indians. 

March  14.  Capt.  Joseph  Berney  arrived  at  Fort  Sumuer  with  fourteen  hundred  and  thirty 
Navajo  prisoners.  Tea  Indians  died  on  the  road  from  Los  Pinos. 

March  18.  Eight  mounted  Indians  made  an  attack  upon  a  Government  herd  at  Cow  Springs, 
New  Mexico,  and  drove  off  sixty-eight  mules,  four  government  and  two  private 
horses.  The  Indians  were  pursued  by  Lieut.  H.  H.  Stevens,  5th  California  Infantry, 
with  nine  men,  for  a  considerable  distance,  but  they  escaped  with  the  stock. 

March  18.  Major  Edward  B.  Willis,  1st  Infantry,  California  Volunteers,  with  forty  enlisted 
men  and  fourteen  citizens,  fell  in  with  a  party  of  Apaches  near  the  San  Francisco 
River,  Arizona;  killed  5  Indians  and  lost  one  man,  Private  Fisher,  of  Company  "  D," 
1st  Cavalry,  California  Volunteers. 

March  27.  Fifty-five  Navajos  surrendered  at  Fort  Canby,  New  Mexico,  eight  of  whom  died. 
They  had  sixty-two  head  of  sheep  and  goats. 

March  29.  Eighty-six  Navajos  arrived  at  Los  Pinos,  N.  M.,  en  route  to  Fort  Sumner,  having 
with  them  six  horses  and  two  mules. 

March.  The  Apache  Indians  attacked  Mr.  Goodhue  and  four  other  persons,  between  the 
Hasiampa  and  Granite  Creek.  Goodhue  was  killed.  The  men  with  him  succeeded  in 
driving  the  Indians  off.  The  Indians  also  attacked  a  train  of  wagons  near  Weaver, 
Arizona,  and  mortally  wounded  Mr.  Rykman  and  a  Mexican.  Another  of  the  party 
was  slightly  wounded.  The  Indians  took  all  the  stock  and  plundered  the  wagons. 

April  3.  Eighty-six  Navajos  surrendered  at  Fort  Canby,  two  of  whom  died.  These  Indians 
have  one  hundred  and  twenty  sheep  and  goats  and  six  horses. 

April  5.  •Capt.  Francis  McCabe,  1st  Cavalry,  N.  M.  Volunteers,  arrived  at  Los  Pinos,  N.  M., 
bringing  seven  hundred  and  twenty  Navajo  Indians. 

April  7.  Capt.  James  H.  Whitlock,  5th  Infantry,  California  Volunteers,  with  a  command  con- 
sisting of  twenty-six  enlisted  men  of  Company  "  F,"  and  twenty  enlisted  men  of 
Company  '•  I,"  under  Lieut.  Barkett,  and  ten  enlisted  men  of  Company  "  C,"  1st  Cav- 
alry California  Volunteers,  attacked  about  two  hundred  and  fifty  Indians  near  Mount 
Grey,  or  Sierra  Bonita,  Arizona,  and  after  a  spirited  fight  of  over  one  hour,  routed 
the  Indians,  killing  twenty-one  of  them  left  on  the  ground,  and  wounding  a  large 
number.  Forty-five  head  of  horses  and  mules  were  captured  from  the  Indians,  and 
all  their  provisions  and  camp  equipage  destroyed. 

April  10.  Seventy-eight  Navajos  surrendered  at  Fort  Canby,  having  in  their  possession  one 
horse  and  one  hundred  and  fifty  head  of  sheep  and  goats. 

April  11.  Major  Edward  B.  Willis,  commanding  Fort  Whipple,  Arizona,  reports  that  Colonel 
King  S.  Woolsey,  with  his  party,  surprised  an  Indian  Rancheria,  killing  fourteen  In- 
dians, who  were  left  on  the  ground,  and  wounding  others  who  escaped.  A  small 
party,  of  California  Volunteers,  who  were  sent  with  Colonel  Woolsey,  behaved  well 
— Privates  Beach  and  Holman,  of  Company  "  F,"  killing  five  of  the  Indians. 

April.  Lieut.  Martin  Quintana,  1st  Cavalry,  N.  M.  Volunteers,  reports  that  while  en  route 
from  Moqui  to  Fort  Cauby,  four  Indians  delivered  themselves  up  to  his  command. 


13 

April  24.  One  hundred  and  nine  Navajos  surrendered  themselves  at  Fort  Canby,  between 
April  18th  and  April  24th.  These  Indians  had  one  hundred  and  fifty-nine  head  of 
horses  and  two  hundred  and  thirty  head  of  sheep  and  goats. 

May  1.  Three  hundred  and  ninety-two  Navajos  surrendered  themselves  at  Fort  Canby,  since 
last  Deport,  making  the  total  number  on  hand  at  that  post,  six  hundred  and  twenty- 
three.  They  have,  altogether,  three  hundred  and  twenty  head  of  horses  and  six  hun- 
dred and  fifty  head  of  sheep. 

May  1.  Forty-two  Mescalero  Apaches,  including  Ojo  Blanco,  escaped  from  the  Indian  Reser- 
vation at  Fort  Sumner,  and  returned  to  their  own  country.* 

May  3.  Lieut.  Henry  H.  Stevens,  5th  Infantry,  California  Volunteers,  with  a  command  of 
fifty-four  men,  California  Volunteers,  while  on  the  march  from  Fort  Cummings  to 
to  Fort  Bowie,  Arizona,  was  attacked  in  Doubtful  Canon,  near  Steen's  Peak,  by  about 
one  hundred  Apache  Indians.  The  fight  lasted  for  nearly  two  hours,  and  resulted  in 
the  killing  of  ten  Apaches,  who  were  lelt  on  the  ground,  and  wounding  about 
twenty. 

The  troops  lost,  in  this  affair,  one  man  missing  and  five  wounded,  one  mortally,  one 
horse  killed  and  one  wounded. 

May  9.  Capt.  Charles  P.  Marion  reports  that,  while  on  a  scout  near  Zufii,  five  hundred  Navajos 
surrendered  themselves  to  his  command.  These  Indians  had  in  their  possession  one 
thousand  horses  and  over  five  thousand  sheep  and  goats. 

May  11.  The  Apache  Indians  run  off  two  horses  from  the  ranch  of  Mr.  Stipich,  a  farmer  on 
the  Rio  Bonito.  They  were  pursued  by  2d  Lieut.  S.  L.  Snyder  and  thirteen  men  of 
Company  "A,"  1st  Cavalry,  N.  M.,  Volunteers,  but  were  not  overtaken. 

May  13.    Seven  hundred  and  seventy-seven  Navajo  Indians  arrived  at  Fort  Sumner  this  day. 

May  25.  Lieut.  Colonel  Nelson  H.  Davis,  Assistant  Inspector  General  U.  S.  A,,  with  Oapt.  T. 
T.  Tidball,  5th  Infantry,  California  Volunteers,  two  commissioned  officers  and  one 
hundred  and  two  enlisted  men,  cavalry  and  infantry,  started  from  Fort  Bowie  on  a 
scout  after  Indians.  On  the  25th  inst.  surprised  a  Rancheria  and  killed  one  Indian. 
Later  the  same  day,  killed  one  Indian  and  captured  one. 

May  26.  On  the  26th  inst.  came  upon  a  Rancheria,  killed  one  Indian  and  destroyed  several 
acres  of  corn.  In  this  skirmish  1st  Sergeant  Christian  Foster,  of  company  "K," 
5th  Infantry,  California  Volunteers,  was  severely  wounded.  On  the  same  day  one 
woman  and  two  Indian  children  were  captured.  On  the  28th  captured  five  women 
and  two  children. 

May  29.  On  the  29th  inst.  the  command  surprised  a  Rancheria  and  killed  thirty-six,  wounded 
four  and  took  two  prisoners.  Captured  $660  in  gold  coin,  1  Sharp's  carbine,  1  Colt's 
revolver,  1  shot-gun,  1  saddle,  1,000  pounds  of  mescal,  and  a  lot  of  horse  equipments, 
powder,  powder-horns,  &c.  Sergeant  Charles  Brown,  of  Company  "  K,"  5th  Infantry, 
California  Volunteers,  is"  mentioned  in  Captain  Tidball's  report,  for  his  zeal  and  en. 
ergy  in  this  scout. 

May  29.  Capt.  George  A.  Burkett,  with  thirty-three  enlisted  men  of  Company  "  I,"  5th  In- 
fantry, California  Volunteers,  surprised  an  Indian  Rancheria  on  the  Rio  de  Mescal, 
and  killed  13,  wounded  13  and  took  three  prisoners.  Captured  1  mule,  3  horses,  1 
Sharp's  carbine,  1  saddle,  and  saddle-bags,  1  ton  of  mescal  and  a  small  quantity  of 
powder.  The  command  destroyed  some  fields  of  corn  and  wheat.  A  portion  of  the 
mescal  was  kept  to  feed  the  prisoners ;  the  balance  was  destroyed. 

June  3.  Five  hundred  and  fifty  Navajos  arrived  at  Los  Pinos  this  day,  who  had  one  hundred 
and  ninety  horses  and  two  hundred  and  ninety-four  sheep  and  goats.  These  Indians, 
with  two  hundred  others,  were  forwarded  to  Fort  Sumner. 

June  3.  The  Apache  Indians  attacked  a  party  of  five  miners,  near  Fort  Whipple,  Arizona, 
and  wounded  every  man  of  the  party. 

June  7.  Capt.  Julius  C.  Shaw,  1st.  Cavalry,  N.  M.  Volunteers,  with  his  command,  attacked  a 
Rancheria  near  Apache  Spring.  Two  Indians  were  mortally  wounded. 

June  11.  Four  Apaches  attacked  a  party  of  soldiers  under  Capt.  T.  T.  Tidball,  near  San  Pedro 
Crossing,  but  did  not  succeed  in  doing  any  damage.  The  troops  wounded  one  of  the 
Indians. 


*  This  party  voluntarily  returned  to  the  Reservation  on  the  16th  day  of  September.    Shortly  afterwards  Oj° 
Blanco  died. 


14 

June  20.  Major  Edward  B.  Willis,  1st  Infantry,  California  Volunteers,  reports  that  a  detach- 
ment under  his  command  attacked  a  party  of  Apache  Indians,  near  Salinas  River,  Ari- 
zona, and  killed  four  of  them. 

June  20.  The  express  escort  between  Camp  Goodwin  and  Fort  Bowie  was  attacked  by  a  party 
of  Indians,  while  crossing  the  Chiricahui  Mountains.  The  Indians  were  whipped  off 
by  the  escort.  Several  Indians  reported  wounded.  Four  burros  were  taken  from  the 
Indians. 

June.  Capt.  Henry  M.  Benson,  1st  Infantry,  Califcrnia  Volunteers,  left  Fort  Whipple,  A.  T., 
with  his  Company,  "F,"  1st  California  Infantry,  on  a  scout  after  Indians.  Five  In- 
dians were  killed  and  two  wounded  by  this  command,  and  large  quantities  of  corn 
and  beans  destroyed. 

June.  Capt.  Albert  H.  Pfeiffer,  1st  Cavalry,  N.  M.  Volunteers,  with  one  Lieutenant  and 
sixty-four  enlisted  men,  attacked  a  band  of  Indians  near  the  Colorado  Chiquito,  Ari- 
zona, and,  in  a  running  fight  of  eight  miles,  killed  five  and  wounded  seven  of  them. 
After  the  fight  was  over,  two  Indians  came  into  camp  with  signs  of  peace ;  but  in 
a  moment  fired  their  guns,  severely  wounding  Capt.  Pfeifier  and  Private  Pedro  Rael. 
The  Indians  were  instantly  killed.  When  the  shots  were  fired,  a  large  party  of  In- 
dians came  running  towards  the  camp.  A  volley  was  fired  into  them,  when  they 
scattered  in  all  directions.  This  volley  wounded  several. 

June  28.  Capt.  James  H.  Whitlock,  commanding  Camp  Miembres,  reports  that  he  left  the 
post  on  the  21st  inst.  on  a  scout  after  Indians.  On  the  22d  came  upon  a  party  of 
three  Indians,  two  of  whom  were  killed  and  the  other  captured. 

July  10.  Lieut.  Antonio  Abeyta,  1st  Cavalry,  N.  M.  Volunteers,  while  en  route  from  Fort 
Wingate  to  Los  Pinos,  N.  M.,  with  twenty-six  Navajo  and  seven  Apache  Indian  pris- 
oners, came  upon  a  party  of  Navajos  at  Fish  Spring,  numbering  three  hundred  and 
seventy-five,  coming  in  to  surrender  themselves  and  go  to  the  Reservation.  These 
Indians  had  in  their  possession,  three  hundred  horses,  sixteen  mules,  one  thousand 
and  eighty-five  sheep  and  three  hundred  and  fifty  goats.  This  party  was  turned  over 
to  the  commanding  officer  at  Los  Pinos. 

July.  Capt.  Saturnino  Baca,  1st  Cavalry,  N.  M.  Volunteers,  with  fifty-three  enlisted  men,  left 
Fort  Canby  on  the  9th  inst.,  on  a  scout  after  Indians.  Marched  to  the  little  Colorado 
River.  He  returned  to  Fort  Canby  on  the  21st  inst.  On  this  scout  six  Indians  were 
killed  and  six  taken  prisoners.  Two  horses  and  two  mules  captured,  and  large  quan- 
tities of  corn,  wheat,  beans,  &c.,  destroyed. 

Aug.  1.  Capt.  T.  T.  Tidball,  5th  Infantry,  California  Volunteers,  returned  from  a  scout  of 
twenty-three  days.  He  reports  that  he  saw  but  few  Indians,  and  killed  but  one — an 
Apache  Chief  called  "  Old  Plume." 

Aug.  1.  Four  Mexican  citizens  are  reported  as  having  been  killed  by  the  Apache  Indians,  at 
the  Conchas. 

Aug.  1.  Twelve  hundred  and  nine  Navajos  and  twelve  Apaches  left  Los  Pinos,  N.  M.,  for  the 
Bosque  Redondo.  These  Indians  had  in  their  possession  three  hundred  and  fifty- 
seven  horses,  nineteen  mules  and  two  thousand  and  five  sheep  and  goats. 

Aug.  3.  A  band  of  Apache  Indians,  having  captives,  sheep,  horses,  burros  and  cattle,  were 
discovered  near  Alamo  Gordo,  by  "  Delgadito  Chiquito,  Navajo  Chief,"  who  sent  a 
messenger  to  Fort  Sumner,  to  inform  the  commanding  officer  of  the  fact.  Thirty 
five  men  of  the  California  Cavalry  were  sent  in  pursuit ;  also,  a  strong  party  of  Nava- 
jos, from  the  Reservation.  In  the  meantime  Delgadito's  party  attacked  the  Apaches 
and  were  defeated,  with  a  loss  of  one  killed  and  threeVounded  ;  jamongst  the  latter, 
Delgadito  himself.  The  party  of  Navajos  from  the  post  came  upon  the  Apaches  and 
took  from  them  five  hundred  sheep  and  thirteen  burros. 

Aug.  6.  Mr.  Charles  G.  Parker's  train,  en  route  to  Chihuahua,  Mexico,  was  attacked  by  the 
Mescalero  Apaches,  twenty  miles  below  the  Gallinas  Mountains.  The  Indians  drove 
off  about  fifty  mules.  They  were  followed  by  the  wagon-master  and  some  teamsters, 
but  succeeded  in  driving  off  the  animals.  Two  men  were  severely  wounded. 

Aug.  7.  Sergeant  B.  F.  Fergusson,  of  Company  "E,"  5th  Infantry,  California  Volunteers, 
with  a  party  of  men,  attacked  fifteen  Apaches  who  were  seen  approaching  the  camp 
on  the  Rio  Carlos,  and  killed  five  of  them. 


15 

August.  The  command  which  left  Fort  Cummings  on  the  5th  day  of  August,  on  a  scout  to 
Lake  Guzman,  killed  one  Indian  near  the  Florida  Mountains.  Very  few  Indians  were 
seen,  they  having  evidently  deserted  the  country  on  the  approach  of  the  troops,  who, 
on  this  scout,  marched  twelve  hundred  miles. 

Aug.  13.  Lieut.  Henry  Becker,  1st  Cavalry,  N.  M.  Volunteers,  left  Fort  Can  by,  N.  M.,  with 
ninety-two  Indian  prisoners  and  eight  hundred  head  of  sheep.  On  the  route  to  Los 
Finos,  he  was  joined  by  one  hundred  and  fifty-one  Indians,  having  in  their  possession 
seven  hundred  sheep  and  eighty-five  horses.  The  Indians  and  stock  were  turned 
over  to  the  commanding  officer  at  Los  Pinos. 

August.  Colonel  King  S.  Woolsey  reports  that  while  on  a  scout  after  Indians,  near  the  Rio 
Prieto,  one  of  his  men,  named  J.  W.  Beauchamp,  was  waylaid  and  killed  by  the 
Apache  Indians. 

August.  Major  Thomas  J.  Blakeney,  1st  Cavalry,  California  Volunteers,  on  a  scout  of  thirty 
days  after  Apache  Indians,  killed  ten  and  captured  two  Indians,  and  destroyed  twenty 
acres  of  corn  and  large  quantities  of  pumpkins,  beans,  &c. 

August.  Capt.  Henry  A.  Green,  1st  Infantry,  California  Volunteers,  on  a  scout  after  Indians, 
from  Fort  McRae,  N.  M.,  killed  five  Indians  and  captured  six.  Nineteen  head  of 
beef  cattle  were  recovered  from  the  Indians. 

August.  Capt.  John  S.  Thayer,  5th  Infan/ry,  California  Volunteers,  left  Fort  Goodwin,  A. 
T.,  with  his  Company,  on  a  scout  after  Indians.  On  the  4th  day  out,  the  Com- 
pany destroyed  about  seventy  acres  of  corn ;  also,  several  small  fields  of  beans  and 
pumpkins.  On  the  6th  day  came  upon  a  party  of  Indians ;  wounded  several  and 
captured  one,  who  was  afterwards  shot  while  attempting  to  escape.  A  Mexican  cap- 
tive was  rescued  from.these  Indians.  On  the  8th  day  out,  attacked  a  party  of  Indians 
and  killed  six  and  wounded  two. 

Aug.  25.  Capt.  Francis  McCabe,  1st  Cavalry,  N.  M.  Volunteers,  reports  that  while  on  a  scout 
after  Indians  in  the  Sacramento  Mountains,  he  detached  a  party  under  Lieut.  Henry 
W.  Gilbert,  of  the  same  regiment,  to  follow  the  trail  of  the  Indians.  Lieut.  Gilbert 
took  with  him  twenty  men.  The  party,  although  warned  by  the  guide,  marchedina 
body  directly  into  an  ambush,  when  Lieut.  Gilbert  was  killed  at  the  first  fire.  The 
guide,  Sanches,  and  Private  Ma.  Sandoval  were  killed,  and  three  men  wounded.  One 
Apache  killed  and  five  wounded.  This  command  were  leading  their  horses  when  the 
attack  was  made.  The  men,  after  the  fail  of  their  officer,  shamefully  abandoned  their 
horses.  The  Indians  got  the  most  of  their  horses  and  equipments. 

Sept.  19.  Lieut.  Patrick  Healy,  1st  Infantry,  N.  M.  Volunteers,  with  a  detachment  of  ten  men, 
while  in  pursuit  of  Indians,  entered  the  town  of  Canada  de  Alamosa,  N.  M.,  where 
five  Indians  were  captured.  One  of  the  Indians  afterwards  made  his  escape. 

Sept.  25.  Capt.  William  Ayres,  1st  Infantry,  N.  M.  Volunteers,  learning  that  a  party  of  In- 
dians were  at  Canada  de  Alamosa,  started  in  pursuit  of  them,  and  succeeded  in  cap 
turing  one  man,  four  women  and  one  child.  The  others  made  their  escape  to  the 
mountains. 

Oct.  20.  A  band  of  Navajo  Indians  attacked  Mr.  Huning's  train  on  the  Colorado  Chiquito, 
and  succeeded  in  driving  off  seven  or  eight  hundred  head  of  sheep,  the  property  of 
Capt  Joseph  P.  Hargrave. 

Nov.  6.  Some  Indians  are  said  to  have  run  off  five  hundred  sheep  from  the  head-waters  of 
the  Rio  Puerco,  belonging  to  Don  Inez  Perea. 

Nov.  8.  On  the  8th  of  November,  some  Navajos  and  Apaches  from  the  west,  run  off  three 
thousand  head  of  sheep,  belongiag  to  Don  Jos£  Pinoly  Vaca,  four  miles  from  Limi- 
tar,  N.  M. ,  and  killed  four  pastores,  who  had  the  sheep  in  charge.  Their  names  were 
Antonio  Gallegos,  Romaldo  Peralta,  Francisco  Capillo  and  Lenovio  Sarcilla.  In- 
structions were  sent  to  Major  Eaton,  commanding  at  Fort  Wingate,  to  cross  the 
country  to  the  Rito  Quemado,  and  endeavor  to  cut  the  trail  of  the  Indians. 

Nov.  9.  A  Navajo  Indian  found  lurking  near  the  Government  herd  at  Fort  Sumner,  was  ar- 
rested by  the  herd  guard,  and,  in  attempting  to  make  his  escape,  was  killed. 

Nov.  25.  Col.  Christopher  Carson,  1st  Cavalry,  N.  M.  Volunteers,  with  a  command  consisting 
of  fourteen  commissioned  officers,  three  hundred  and  twenty-one  enlisted  men  and 
seventy-five  Indians — Apaches  and  Utes — attacked  a  Kioway  village  of  about  one  hun- 
dred and  fifty  lodges,  near  the  Adobe  Fort,  on  the  Canadian  River,  in  Texas;  and, 


16 

after  a  severe  fight,  compelled  the  Indians  to  retreat,  with  a  loss  of  sixty,  killed  and 
wounded.  The  village  was  then  destroyed.  The  engagement  commenced  at  8  1-3 
A.  M.,  and  lasted,  without  intermission,  until  sunset. 

In  this  fight,  Privates  John  O'Donnell  and  John  Sullivan,  of  Company  "  M,"  1st 
Cavalry,  California  Volunteers,  were  killed,  and  Corporal  N.  Newman,  Privates 

Thomas  Briggs,  J.  Jameson, Mapes,  Jasper  Winant,  J.  Horsley,  of  Company 

"  B,"  and  Holygrafer  of  Company  "  G,"  1st  Cavalry,  California  Volunteers,  Antonio 
Duro  and  Antonio  Sanches,  of  Company  "  M."  and  H.  Romero,  of  Company  "  I," 
1st  Cavalry  N.  M.  Volunteers,  were  wounded.  Four  Utes  wounded.. 

Col.  Carson,  in  his  report,  mentions  the  following  officers  as  deserving  the  highest 
praise : — Major  McCleave,  Capt.  Fritz  and  Lieut.  Heath,  of  the  1st  Cavalry,  California 
Volunteers,  Capt's  Deus  andBerney,  1st  Cavalry,  N.  M.  Volunteers,  Lieut.  Pettis,  1st 
Infantry,  California  Volunteers,  Lieut.  Edgar,  1st  Cavalry,  N.  M.  Volunteers,  and 
Assistant  Surgeon  Geo.  S.  Courtright,  U.  S.  Volunteers. 

The  command  destroyed  one  hundred  and  fifty  lodges  of  the  best  manufacture,  a 
large  amount  of  dried  meats,  berries,  buffalo  robes,  powder,  cooking  utensils,  &c. ; 
also,  a  buggy  and  spring  wagon,  the  property  of  "Sierrito"  or  "Little  Mountain," 
the  Kioway  Chief. 

Nov.  27.  An  Apache  Indian,  in  attempting  to  escape  from  Capt.  Thompson's  Company,  1st 
Cavalry,  N.  M.  Volunteers,  en  route  to  Fort  Whipple,  was  killed  by  the  guard. 

Nov.  27.  Col.  Oscar  M.  Brown,  1st  Cavalry,  California  Volunteers,  with  one  hundred  men  re- 
turned from  a  scout  to  the  Apache  country.  Four  squaws  were  captured  by  Col. 
Brown's  command.  Although  this  scout,  of  nearly  sixty  days,  was  unsuccessful,  it 
was  one  of  the  hardest  of  the  year. 

Dec.  2.  One  thousand  and  twenty  Navajo  Indians,  having  in  their  possession  three  thousand 
five  hundred  sheep  and  goats,  four  hundred  horses  and  thirty  mules,  arrived  at  Fort 
Sumner. 

December.  Major  E.  W.  Eaton,  1st  Cavalry,  N.  M.  Volunteers,  on  a  scout  after  Indians,  came 
upon  their  camp  near  Red  River ;  killed  one  Indian  and  took  two  prisoners,  and  re- 
covered one  hundred  and  seventy-five  sheep,  one  horse  and  one  burro.  These  were 
the  Indians  who  helped  to  run  off  sheep  from  Limitar,  on  the  8th  of  November. 

Dec.  15.  Capt.  Allen  L.  Anderson,  5th  U.  S.  Infantry,  with  a  small  party  of  men,  attacked  an 
Indian  Rancheria  near  the  Weaver  Mines,  Arizona,  killed  three  and  wounded  three 
Apache  Indians., 

Dec.  15.  Capt.  John  Thompson,  1st  Cavalry,  N.  M.  Volunteers,  with  a  party  of  twelve  en- 
listed men,  attacked  an  Apache  Rancheria  near  Weaver,  Arizona,  and  killed  eleven 
and  wounded  four. 

Dec.  24.  Lieut.  Paul  Dowlin,  1st  Cavalry,  N.  M.  Volunteers,  reports  that  on  his  return  trip 
from  Fort  Whipple,  Arizona,  the  Navajo  Indians  run  off  fourteen  of  his  mules. 

Dec.  25.  A  band  of  Apache  Indians  made  an  attack  on  the  town  of  Rincon,  near  Fort 
McRae,  New  Mexico,  took  a  Mexican  boy  prisoner  and  drove  off  nine  head  of  cattle. 
A  party  was  started  in  pursuit  and  succeeded  in  recovering  three  head  of  cattle. 
The  Mexican  boy's  body  was  found,  lanced  in  several  places. 

Dec.  29.  Capt.  William  Brady,  1st  Cavalry,  N.  M.  Volunteers,  reports  that  he  found  the  body 
of  Reyes  Flores,  the  guide,  near  the  Tuleroso  Saw  Mill.  Whether  he  had  been  killed 
by  Indians  or  by  others,  is  not  certain. 

Dec.  31.  Lieut.  Samuel  L.  Barr,  with  Company  "F,"  5th  U.  8,  Infantry,  and  a  detachment  of 
1st  Cavalry,  N.  M.  Volunteers,  surprised  an  Indian  camp,  near  Sycamore  Springs, 
Arizona ;  killed  four  Indians  and  captured  two  head  of  cattle* 


17 


RECAPITULATION  of  a  census  of  the  Navajo  Indians  on  the  Reservation,  at  the  Bosque  Redon- 
do,  New  Mexico,  on  the  31st  day  of  December,  1864,  their  stock,  &c.  Taken  by  Capt. 
FRANCIS  McCABE,  1st  Cavalry,  N.  M.  Volunteers. 

No.  of  Lodges 1,276 

No.  of  families 1,783 

No.  of  Males,  from  50  to  80  years  of  age, 300 

No.  of  Males,  from  18  to  50  years  of  age, 2,129 

No.  of  Males,  from  5  to  18  years  of  age, 1,525 

No.  of  Male  Infants, 134 

No.  of  Females,  from  50  to  80  years  of  age, 373 

No.  of  Females,  from  18  to  50  years  of  age, 2,187 

No.  of  Females,  from  5  to  18  years  of  age, 1,418 

No.  of  Female  Infants 288 


Total  population 8,354 

No.   of  Horses 3,038 

No.  of  Mules, 143 

No.  of  Sheep, 6,962 

No.  of  Goats, 2,757 

No.  of  Loom's, . .  630 


Average  number  of  persons  to  each  family  is  near 5 

"  "  Horses         "  4t  •»'     2 

"  Sheep  "     4 

AGGREGATES. 

Number  of  Apache  Indians  at  the  Bosque  Redondo  Reservation,  on  the  31st  day  of  Decem- 
ber, 1864. 
MESCALERO  APACHES. 

Men 113 

Women, 153 

Children, 139 

Total, '. 405 

GILA  APACHES. 

Men, 5 

Women, 5 

Children, 10 

Total, 20 

GILA  APACHES  en  route  to  the  Reservation. 

Men, , .       8 

Women 6 

Total, 14 

Making  the  total  number  of  captive  Indians,  as  follows  : 

Number  of  Indian  captives  on  the  Reservation  on  the  31st  of 

December,  1863, 703 

Number  who  were  captured  and  who  surrendered  themselves  dur- 
ing the  year  1864 8,090 

Total, 8,793 

During  the  year  1864,  the  few  troops  serving  within  the  Department  of  New  Mexico,  were 
obliged  to  undergo  extraordinary  labors,  privations  and  hardships,  in  following  the  line  of 
their  duty.  Early  in  the  year,  while  the  country  was  still  covered  with  snow,  their  marches 
in  pursuit  of  Navajo  Indians,  in  continuation  of  the  campaign  begun  in  the  summer  of  1863 — 
the  frequent  combats  with  bands  of  that  tribe,  not  only  in  the  Navajo  country,  but  in  the  open 
plains  to  the  ea-t  of  the  Rio  Grande,  exhibited  courage,  self-denial,  perseverance,  ability  and 
the  will  to  encounter  and  to  endure  protracted  hardship.?,  on  the  part  of  both  officers  and 
men,  which  would  be  very  creditable  to  any  troops  in  the  army. 

It  was  often  their  lot  to  be  compelled,  from  the  nature  of  the  country  and,  sometimes,  from 
limited  means  of  transportation,  to  carry  their  blankets  and  provisions  on  their  backs,  and 
to  struggle  for  days  through  deep  snows,  over  mountains — through  forests — and  down 


18 

through  the  deep  mazes  of  the  most  wonderful  canons  in  the  world — in  pursuit  of  a  wily  and 
active  enemy,  who  was  familiar  with  every  rod  of  that  distant  and,  in  many  places,  hitherto 
considered  inaccessible  region. 

It  was  their  lot  to  feel  that,  even  though  they  were  successful  in'their  efforts,  far  beyond  the 
success  which  had  attended  the  labors  of  others  who  had  preceded  them  in  campaigns  against 
these  Indians,  still  they  would  win  none  of  that  eclat  which  those  receive  for,  perhaps,  no 
harder  service  on  other  fields.  It  was  their  lot  to  show  fidelity,  and  integrity,  and  earnestness 
in  their  labors  for  the  public  good — prompted  to  this  course,  not  by  the  expectation  of  ap- 
plause or  advancement — but  by  a  feeling  honestly  to  discharge  their  Juty,  though  no  approv- 
ing eye  witnessed  their  labors  or  their  sufferings,  and  they  had  no  credit  save  that  shown  ia 
the  mirror  of  a  clear  conscience,  or  by  the  approval  of  their  own  hearts.  The  results  which 
followed  such  labors  will  be  considered  as  remarkable  in  the  annals  of  Indian  warfare. 

The  Navajos  soon  found  that  they  had  no  place  of  security  from  such  determined  adversa- 
ries ;  and,  being  pressed  on  every  hand  by  unexampled  rigor,  the  spirit  of  the  tribe  was  soon 
broken.  Many  were  captured,  and  more  voluntarily  surrendered;  when,  in  bands  of  from 
fifty  to  one  and  two  thousand,  they  commenced  their  pilgrimage  to  the  Bosque  Redondo,  a 
place  selected  for  them  by  the  Government,  and  situated  upon  the  open  plains  east  of  the 
Rio  Grande,  and  more  than  four  hundred  miles  from  their  native  valleys  and  mountains.  The 
exodus  of  this  whole  people,  men,  women,  and  children,  with  their  flocks  and  herds — leaving 
forever  the  Jand  of  their  fathers,  was  an  interesting  but  a  touching  sight. 

Then  came  the  operations  of  the  troops  against  the  Apaches  of  Arizona.  To  those  ac- 
quainted with  the  difficulties  of  campaigning  in  that  distant  country — formidable  against  the 
movement  and  supply  of  troops  in  every  way  in  which  a  country  can  be  formidable,  whether 
considered  on  account  of  its  deserts,  its  rugged  and  sterile  mountains,  its  frequent  and  often 
impassable  defiles,  and,  in  widely  extended  regions,  the  scarcity  of  water  and  grass — the  won- 
der will  be  that  the  troops  were  ever  able  to  overtake  the  Indians  at  all.  Although  the  re- 
sults of  operations  in  that  Territory  were  not  sd  great  as  hoped  for,  yet  they  were  creditable, 
and  were  won  at  an  expense  of  toil  and  privation  of  which  any  description  could  give  but  a 
faint  idea  to  one  who  had  never  traversed  this  very  singular  country.  The  marches  of  the 
troops  were  long,  and  sometimes  repaid  by  but  poor  results.  For  example:  on  one  expedi- 
tion, under  one  of  our  most  distinguished  officers,  the  troops  marched  1,200  miles,  and  act- 
ually killed  but  one  Indian.  Oftentimes  long  scouts  would  be  made,  and  not  an  Indian,  or 
even  the  track  of  one  would  be  discovered.  Yet,  the  movements  of  the  troops  in  every  di- 
rection through  the  country  of  the  Arizona  Apaches,  and  a  few  partial  encounters  with  them, 
attended  by  great  good  fortune,  gave  us  the  morale  over  them,  until  now  they  are  inclined  to 
flee  at  the  sight  of  our  armed  parties,  and  scatter  in  all  directions,  and  not  to  stand  upon  hill- 
tops and  crags  and  jeer  at  our  men  by  insulting  cries  and  gestures,  as  they  did  when  we  first 
began  war  upon  them.  It  is  hoped  that  in  a  short  time  they  too  will  be  sufficiently  subdued 
to  surrender  and  go  upon  a  Reservation. 

While  all  this  was  doing,  the  Indians  of  the  plains  commenced  their  attacks  upon  the  trains 
of  the  Government  and  of  citizens  coming  out  with  supplies.  This  required  that  troops 
should  be  sent  out  to  help  these  trains  past  the  points  of  danger.  Once  this  was  done,  and 
the  most  of  the  trains  secure,  an  expedition  was  formed  to  punish  even  these  Indians  for  their 
conduct.  The  Kioways  had  been  the  most  hostile,  and  had  committed  some  of  the  most 
atrocious  of  the  murders.  It  so  happened  that  in  Colonel  Carson's  brilliant  affair  with  the 
Comauches  and  Kioways,  on  the  25th  of  November,  the  Kioways  suffered  the  most  loss,  and 
had  their  beautiful  village  of  150  lodges,  together  with  all  their  property  and  reserve  of  food, 
entirely  destroyed. 

Not  only  have  the  troops  thus  followed  and  punished  the  Indians,  but  they  have  opened 
new  roads,  repaired  others  which  had  become  destroyed  by  floods,  have  built  posts,  guarded 
trains  through  the  interior  of  Arizona  and  New  Mexico,  and  conducted  the  thousand*  of  cap- 
tive Indians  from  the  old  Navajo  country  to  the  Reservation;  and  not  only  guarded  them 
there,  but  have  directed  their  labors  in  opening  up  what  will  be  one  of  the  most  magnificent 
farms  in  the  United  States. 

The  General  commanding  the  Department  takes  great  pleasure  in  being  able  to  congratu- 
late the  troops  on  such  a  record.  The  increased  security  of  life  and  property  throughout 
this  widely  extended  Department,  attest?  the  beneficial  results  which  spring  from  these  efforts. 
The  prosperity  of  New  Mexico  and  Arizona  will  be  sure  to  follow.  So  it  must  ever  be  a 


19 

source  of  gratification  and  pride  to  every  officer  and  soldier  engaged  in  this  great  labor,  to 
know  that  the  people  for  whom  he  has  toiled,  are  getting  to  be  more  secure  in  their  lives, 
and  to  be  better  off  in  their  worldly  condition. 

All  this  has  been  done  quietly  and  without  ostentation,  on  the  part  of  the  troops.  In  the 
great  events  which  have  marked  the  struggle  of  our  country  to  preserve  intact  the  union  of 
all  the  States,  it  was  not  expected  that  such  labors  would  receive  the  attention  of  the  General 
Government.  But  the  fact  that  two  great  States  will  yet  date  their  rise,  progress,  and  the 
commencement  of  their  prosperity,  from  this  subjugation  of  hostile  Indians,  will  always  be 
most  gratifying  to  remember,  by  those  who  so  nobly  did  the  work. 
By  command  of  BRIGADIER-GENERAL  CARLETON  : 

BENJAMIN  C.  CUTLER, 

Assistant  Adjutant-General. 

[For  Recapitulation  of  the  foregoing  synopsis,  see  last  page.  J 

After  the  shameful  surrender  of  Twiggs  and  L'ynde,  as  mentioned 
heretofore,  the  rebels  held  almost  undisputed  sway  in  Texas,  Arizo- 
na and  New  Mexico.  It  devolved  upon  the  "  California  Column  " 
to  aid  that  eminent  General,  Edward  R.  S.  Canby,  in  ridding  these 
Territories  of  the  pestilent  horde.  By  way  of  parenthesis,  the  rebel 
troops  in  this  section  looked  more  like  Du  Chaillu's  gorillas  than 
human  beings.  This  work  was  effectively  done,  the  rebels  retreat- 
ing at  our  approach  until  not  one  of  them  was  left.  In  this  connec- 
tion, permit  me  to  quote  an  order  of  the  late  lamented  General 
Wright,  which  bears  upon  this  peculiar  service. 


HEAD-QUARTERS,  DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  PACIFIC, 
SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL.,  August  llth,  1862. 


[General  Orders,  No.  30.] 

The  General  commanding  the  Department  has  the  pleasure  of  announcing  that  our  Flag 
waves  in  triumph  over  the  whole  of  Arizona.  On  the  21st  of  June,  Brigadier-General  Carle- 
^on,  commauding  the  "Column  from  California,"  detached  from  Tuscon  a  strong  reconnoi- 
tering  force  under  command  of  Lieut.  Col.  E.  E.  Eyre,  1st  Cavalry,  C.  V.  The  command, 
after  a  hard  march,  reached  the  Rio  Grande  on  the  4th  of  July,  and  raised  our  National  Colors 
over  Fort  Thorn,  all  the  rebels  having  fled  at  the  approach  of  our  troops. 

To  Lieut.  Col.  Eyre,  and  the  officers  and  men  of  the  1st  Cavalry,  composing  the  reconnoi- 
tering  force,  the  highest  praise  is  awarded ;  they  had  the  honor  of  raising  the  Stars  and  Stripes 
over  the  last  strong-hold  of  the  rebels  on  this  side  of  the  Rio  Grande. 

By  order  of  BRIGADIER-GENERAL  WRIGHT  : 

R.  C.  DRUM, 
Assistant  Adjutant-General. 

Conspicuous  as  a  regiment  appears  the  Second  Cavalry,  the  regi- 
ment of  which  your  President  was  the  recent  Colonel,  and  which 
was  at  first  commanded  by  that  bold  and  dashing  cavalry  leader, 
General  Andrew  Jackson  Smith,  whose  name  is  to  this  day  a  terror 
to  the  rebels,  and  whose  deeds  of  prowess  will  go  down  to  immor- 
tality in  the  land  of  history,  prose,  and  song. 

This  regiment  has,  perhaps,  with  the  exception  of  those  of  the 
"  California  Column,"  seen  more  service  and  done  more  actual  fight- 


20 

ing  than  any  other  of  the  California  forces.  In  the  Utah  expedition 
under  General  Conner  it  played  an  important  part,  and  for  the  past 
two  years,  in  the  northeastern  portion  of  this  State  and  in  Nevadaj 
it  has  been  constantly  on  the  march,  having  frequent  engagements 
with  the  various  tribes  of  hostile  Indians  which  infect  that  quarter, 
and  has  invariably  come  off  victorious. 

The  battle  had  by  Col.  Evans  with  Indians,  near  Camp  Indepen- 
dence early  in  the  spring  of  1862,  although  resulting  in  his  being 
compelled  to  retire,  yet  such  was  the  skill  and  bravery  displayed  by 
himself  and  the  forces  under  him,  that  he  received  especial  com- 
mendation therefor.  I  cannot  conclude  the  history  of  this  regiment 
without  mentioning  an  order  issued  by  the  Department  Commander 
in  regard  to  the  battle  of  Bear  river,  which  is  in  the  following  words 
and  figures,  to  wit : 

HEAD-QUARTERS,  DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  PACIFIC,  ' ) 
SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL.,  February  19, 1863.  j" 

[General  Orders,  No.  6.] 

The  General  commanding  the  Department  has  the  gratification  of  announcing  a  signal  vic- 
tory gained  by  the  California  Volunteers  under  the  command  of  Colonel  P.  Edward  Connor, 
on  the  29th  of  January,  1863,  over  a  large  body  of  hostile  Indians,  strongly  posted  on  Bear 
river,  Washington  Territory,  one  hundred  arid  fifty  miles  north  of  Salt  Lake  City. 

The  force  engaged  consisted  of  Companies  "A,"  "H,"  UK,"  and  "  M,"  3d  Cavalry,  under 
the  immediate  command  of  Major  Edward  McGarry,  3d  Cavalry,  and  Company  "  K,"  3d  In- 
fantry. The  battle  lasted  four  hours,  and  its  severity  Is  well  attested  by  the  loss  of  the  com- 
batants; two  hundred  and  twenty-four  Indians  being  left  on  the  field,  while  the  loss  of  the 
troops  was  fifteen  men  killed,  and  four  officers  and  forty-nine  men  wounded,  out  of  a  force 
not  exceeding  two  hundred  actually  engaged.  One  officer  (Lieut.  Chase,  3d  Cavalry)  and 
five  enlisted  men,  have  since  died  of  their  wounds. 

Colonel  Conner  awards  the  highest  praise  to  Major  McGarry,  3d  Cavalry,  and  Major  Galla- 
gher, and  Surgeon  Reid,  3d  Infantry,  for  their  coolness,  gallantry  and  skill,  and  bears  testi. 
mony  to  the  perseverance  and  gallantry  of  company  officers  throughout  the  action,  and 
closes  his  report  by  saying,  "  Of  the  good  conduct  and  bravery  of  both  officers  and  men,  Cal- 
ifornia has  reason  to  be  proud." 

By  order  of  BRIGADIER-GENERAL  WRIGHT  : 

R.  C.  DRUM, 

Assistant  Adjutant-General. 

The  Second  Infantry,  recently  on  duty  in  Arizona,  now  on  their 
way  in  to  be  mustered  out,  have  seen  much  service,  and  claim  to 
have  shed  the  first  blood  of  the  California  troops.  Their  present 
Colonel,  Thomas  F.  Wright,  recently  headed  a  successful  engage- 
ment against  the  Apache  Indians.  It  is  impossible  to  notice  all  the 
skirmishes  in  which  our  volunteers  have  taken  part,  and  whilst  all 
have  done  so  well  it  would  not  be  impartial  to  discriminate,  and  so 
the  leading  features  only  are  given. 

"We  must  not  here  forget  to  mention  the  arduous  service  rendered 
by  the  California  troops  in  the  recent  campaign  of  General  John  S. 
Mason  in  Arizona  against  the  Apaches;  and  if  the  results  achieved 


21 

are  not  what  were  expected,  and  the  success  commensurate  with  the 
expenditure,  it  is  not  owing  to  the  lack  of  fighting  qualities  of  the 
command. 

The  operations  of  the  troops  known  as  the  California  Hundred? 
and  the  battalion  of  four  companies  of  cavalry  that  left  our  shores 
for  the  seat  of  war,  were  incorporated  into  a  Massachusetts  regiment. 
They  were  not  known  as  California  volunteers ;  they  rendered  effect- 
ive service,  and  Massachusetts  gains  the  glory  as  well  as  the  reliej 
furnished  to  her  citizens,  who  by  this  means  escaped  the  much 
dreaded  draft. 

Such  then  is  a  brief  epitome  of  the  operations  of  our  volunteers, 
The  present  Commander  of  the  Department  of  California,  thus 
gracefully  alludes  to  them  : 

HEAD-QUARTEBS,  DEPARTMENT  OF  CALIFORNIA,    ) 
-        SAN  FRANCISCO,  CAL.,  October  16,  1865.  j" 

[General  Orders,  No.  19.] 

I.  In  compliance  with  General  Orders  No.  10,  from  Division  Head  Quarters,  the  following 
troops  will  be  mustered  out  of  service  as  soon  as  the  necessary  rolls  and  returns  can  be  prop- 
erly prepared  : 

The  8th  Infantry,  C.  V. 

The  companies  of  the  6th  Infantry,  C.  V.,  at  Benicia  and  those  of  the  regiment  at  Camp 
Drum,  under  orders  for  San  Francisco. 

************        ***** 

IV.  The  occasion  of  the  discharge  of  these  troops  is  taken  by  the  Department  Commander, 
to  express  his  appreciation  of  the  uniform  good  conduct,  faithful  service,  and  soldiery  bearing 
of  the  California  and  Nevada  Volunteers.  With  few,  very  few,  and  mostly  unimportant  ex. 
ceptions.they  have  conducted  themselves  throughout  his  entire  command  with  great  credit  to 
themselves,  to  the  State,  and  to  their  country,  and  it  is  with  sincere  regret  he  sees  draw  near 
the  day  which  is  to  sever  the  official  connection  with  the  United  States  military  service,  Of  a 
body  of  men  so  well  calculated  in  every  way  to  maintain  its  honor  and  to  add  to  its  glory.  On 
their  return  to  civil  life  they  will  carry  with  them  his  best  and  kindest  wishes  for  their 
prosperity  and  happiness. 

By  Command  of  MAJOR-GENERAL  MCDOWELL: 

R.  C.  DRUM, 
Assistant  Adjutant  General. 

At  the  commencement  of  the  rebellion  all  the  regular  troops  were 
withdrawn  from  this  coast,  with  the  exception  of  the  Ninth  Regi- 
ment of  infantry,  and  a  few  companies  of  artillery. 

The  great  and  arduous  work  of  protecting  our  vast  frontier  from 
invasion  by  the  rebels,  via  Arizona  and  New  Mexico,  was  left  to  our 
State  volunteers.  To  them  was  entrusted  the  task  of  keeping 
quiet  within  our  borders  the  restless  and  traitorous  spirits  who  were 
engaged  day  and  night  in  the  nefarious  scheme  of  plunging  Califor- 
nia into  the  vortex  of  civil  strife,  and  have  her  unite  her  fortunes 
with  the  misguided  South. 

That  this  State  has  been  more  than  once  upon  the  brink  of  revo- 
lution there  can  be  no  doubt,  and  evidence  of  much  accumulation  is 


22 

now  on  file  in  the  military  archives  of  this  Department,  implicating 
men  you  would  little  dream  of.  But  owing  to  the  prudent  policy 
and  firm  course  pursued  by  General  Wright,  together  with  the  judi- 
cious disposition  of  the  volunteer  force  at  his  command,  we  were 
happily  spared  all  the  horrors  of  civil  war. 

Intercepted  correspondence  on  the  Rio  Grande  has  proved  that 
the  conquest  of  California  was  a  pet  scheme  of  General  David  S. 
Terry,  Dan  Sho  waiter  (recently  killed  in  a  drunken  brawl  in  Mazat- 
lan),  Philip  T.  Herbert,  Judge  Porter  of  Calaveras,  J.  Lancaster 
Brent,  and  others,  old  residents  of  California,  who  had  accepted 
commissions  in  the  southern  army.  The  plan  was  well  matured, 
but  checked  in  its  inception  by  the  vigilance  of  General  Carleton 
and  Colonel  George  W.  Bowie. 

Prominent  sympathisers  of  the  rebellion  in  this  State  were  in  con- 
stant correspondence  with  the  rebel  chiefs,  and  it  was  amusing  to 
hear  their  denunciations  of  the  "Abolition  Government"  when  their 
dispatches  did  not  come  regularly  to  hand.  The  Knights  of  the 
Golden  Circle,  and  Order  of  the  Sons  of  the  Columbian  Star,  were 
far  more  numerous  than  quiet  citizens  were  aware  of.  Plots  to  seize 
and  rob  our  mail  steamers  were  rife,  to  convert  them  into  pirates, 
hoist  the  stars  and  bars,  skull  and  crossbones,  or  flag  of  any  device, 
were  constantly  being  formed. 

Plans  to  seize  the  fortifications  in  the  harbor  of  San  Francisco, 
blow  up  the  arsenal  at  Benicia,  after  stealing  all  the  arms,  ordnance 
and  ammunition,  only  failed  of  being  successfully  carried  out  by  the 
strict  integrity  and  thorough  discipline  of  the  State  volunteers  on 
guard. 

But  men  loyal,  good  and  true  were  here  found  to  respond  to  their 
country's  call  in  her  hour  of  trial.  Their  step  kept  time  to  the 
music  of  the  Union,  and  "  order  reigned  in  Warsaw." 

While  other  States  were  devastated  and  ruin  stared  them  in  the 
face,  here  was  peace  and  plenty,  a  land  flowing  with  golden  milk 
and  honey.  Our  merchants  amassed  colossal  fortunes,  bankers  sud- 
denly became  immensely  rich,  and  the  toiling  agriculturist,  despite 
of  the  high  price  and  scarcity  of  labor,  found  a  market  for  his  pro- 
duce at  remunerative  prices ;  the  land  teemed  with  fruits,  garnered 
from  bounteous  harvests  in  time  of  comparative  peace. 

The  credit  of  the  Nation,  taxed  to  its  utmost  tension  to  collect 
sufficient  gold  to  even  meet  the  payment  of  the  interest  upon  the 
public  debt,  looked  to  the  boundless  supply  that  rolled  in  from  our 
El  Dorado  by  each  swift-sailing  steamer.  Wall  Street  was  ruled  by 
our  never-failing  stream  of  treasure.  The  strain  upon  the  Govern- 


23 

ment  credit  was  relaxed,  the  war  carried  to  a  successful  prosecution^ 
and  the  nation  emerged  from  a  volume  of  debt,  which  challenges 
the  admiration  of  the  world  for  the  soundness  and  extent  of  her 
financial  system. 

To  what  extent  you  added  to  the  accomplishment  of  this  end  you 
yourselves  are  fully  conversant.  Time  will  determine  all  things, 
and  History  will  do  you  justice.  Your  deeds  and  actions  will  shine 
bright  in  the  pages  of  posterity,  long,  long  after  the  present  race  of 
California  politicians  shall  have  sunk  into  everlasting  oblivion. 

The  following  statistics  are  offered  as  worthy  of  preservation,  as 
showing  the  amount  of  treasure,  bullion  and  merchandise  shipments 
from  January  1st,  1861,  to  January  1st,  1866,  from  the  port  of  San 
Francisco : 

1861 $40,676,758 

1862 42,561,761 

1863 46,071,920 

1864 .' 55,707,201 

1865 44,426,171 

Grand  total $229^443,811 

Besides  this,  many  millions  have  left  our  shores  in  the  hands  of 
passengers,  to  swell  this  vast  amount. 

The  exports  of  merchandise  foot  up  as  follows : 

1861 $  9,888,072 

1862 10,565,294 

1863 13,877,399 

1864 13,271,752 

1865 14,554,130 

Grand  total $62,156,647 

A  precious  haul  one  shipment  of  this  would  have  been  to  the 
pirate  Rafael  Semmes,  or  the  buccaneer  in  embryo,  Captain  Hogg  of 
the  Salvador.  But  the  former  ended  his  infamous  catalogue  of  crime 
under  the  guns  of  the  Kearsage,  and  the  latter,  caught  on  the  thresh- 
hold  of  his  career  by  the  gallant  Davenport  of  our  navy,  is  now  en- 
joying the  hospitalities  of  the  warden  of  the  California  State  Prison, 
very  much,  no  doubt,  to  the  disgust  of  Frank  Pixley  and  his  mule. 

Having  passed  cursorily  over  the  valuable  services  rendered  by 
you,  we  are  led  to  inquire,  now  that  you  have  laid  aside  the  bayonet 
and  the  sword,  and  quietly  returned  to  the  walks  of  civil  life  in  the 
State  of  your  adoption,  whether  there  has  been  any  public  recogni- 
tion^of  your  services  ?  whether  your  fellow  citizens  have  endeavored 
to  procure  situations  for  you,  to  place  you  on  such  a  footing  as  your 


24 

talents  and  experience  deserve  ?  whether  they  have  followed  the  ex- 
ample set  by  their  eastern  brethren,  of  giving  all  due  honor  to  the 
returned  soldier,  and  extending  to  him  all  aid  in  their  power  ?  If 
there  has  been  a  single  instance  of  "  public  recognition,"  I  am  not 
aware  of  it.  ~No  I  brother  officers,  the  lip-loyalty  men  of  California 
have  turned  upon  you  the  cold  shoulder,  and  after  years  of  toil,  pri- 
vation and  hardship,  you  are  turned  out  to  graze  on  short  feed  like 
a  broken-down  mustang.  Whether  you  will  continue -to  suffer  such 
treatment  depends  entirely  upon  yourselves ;  we  have  the  power  in 
our  own  hands,  and  it  only  requires  organization  to  make  it  thor- 
oughly effective. 

It  has  before  been  observed  that  it  is  next  to  impossible  for  a  dis- 
banded volunteer  to  obtain  a  situation  in  this  State.  Yet,  such  is 
the  case,  as  can  be  attested  by  the  experience  of  thousands.  I  must 
here  make  an  honorable  exception  in  the  case  of  General  Miller, 
our  present  Collector.  A  soldier  himself  of  undaunted  courage, 
and  whose  distinguished  services  have  been  rewarded  by  his  present 
position,  without  the  aid  of  any  California  politician,  laus  Deo,  has 
thrown  wide  the  portals  of  the  Custom  House  to  the  disbanded  offi- 
cer and  the  discharged  soldier,  an  act  worthy  of  especial  praise  and 
commendation.  These  stay-at-home  patriots,  who  invariably  have 
graced  Platt's  Hall  with  their  white  cravats  and  long  sanctimonious 
faces,  singing  "John  Brown,"  and  chaunting  the  battle  cry  of  the  54th 
Massachusetts  (colored),  "  God  and  Governor  Andrew,"  whenever 
a  public  occasion  could  be  had  for  them  to  obtrude  their  hollow  pre- 
tensions before  the  public,  are  now  the  men  that,  since  the  war  is 
over  and  they  no  longer  dread  the  lash  of  the  southern  slave  driver, 
look  with  scorn  upon  the  humble  instrument  which  has  saved  their 
property  from  ruin  and  their  sacred  persons  from  castigation. ' 

What  have  the  press  done  to  advocate  the  claims  of  the  Volun- 
teers ?  With  a  few  honorable  exceptions,  they  have  looked  upon  us 
as  old  Long  Tom  Coffin  said  to  Captain  Boroughcliffe,  "a  dog  before 
a  soldier." 

The  item  men  and  pennyliners  of  the  city  newspapers,  have  taken 
a  fiendish  delight  during  the  whole  war  in  chronicling  the  short- 
comings of  the  soldier,  the  infamous  outrages  committed  by  the 
the  "  boys  in  blue."  Words  too  violent  and  terms  too  harsh  have 
not  been  spared  upon  the  unfortunate  volunteer,  whilst  the  occasion 
is  taken  of  the  arrest  of  a  poor  inebriated  soldier,  to  glorify  the  ad- 
mirable municipal  police  system  of  San  Francisco ;  and  liken  officer 
Hose,  the  terror  of  every  Chinaman  who  loves  chickens,  to  a  modern 


25 

Vidocq,  and  Blitz,  the  hackmen's  ogre,  to  the  ne  plus  ultra  of  a  Lon- 
don Bow  street  officer. 

These  same  journals  have  been  advocating  that  nullifying  Act  of 
the  Legislature  of  this  State,  the  "  Specific  Contract  Law" — disre- 
garding \he  fact  of  how  the  troops  were  paid  on  this  coast — article 
after  article  appearing  of  exceedingly  questionable  loyalty.  ~No 
wonder  then,  that  to  you,  these  fulminations  were  distasteful ;  but 
when  your  services  were  required  to  save  these  venomous  sheets 
from  destruction,  where  were  you?  did  you  falter  in  your  duty? 
Never ! !  With  alacrity  you  obeyed  the  order  of  your  Commanding 
General,  and  I  will  venture  to  assert  that  during  the  whole  of  the 
war,  no  duty  was  ever  performed  by  California  troops  so  disagree- 
able and  distasteful  as  shielding  those  very  same  San  Francisco 
printing  offices  from  sack  and  ruin  by  an  infuriated  mob. 

Before  calling  your  attention  particularly  to  the  last  Legislature 
of  this  State,  a  body  which  has  cast  upon  itself  so  much  odium,  as 
far  as  you  are  individually  and  collectively  concerned,  and  which, 
whilst  criticising  the  acts  of  our  Chief  Magistrate,  the  President  of 
the  United  States,  and  freely  giving  him  their  advice  as  to  how 
to  administer  the  Government,  yet  at  the  same  time,  with  un- 
paralleled presumption,  suggesting  to  him  who  shall  be  his  Cabinet 
ministers,  and  the  Major-Generals  to  command  his  armies — without 
then,  I  say,  examining  these  modern  legislative  law  givers  in  detail 
at  present,  I  wish  to  call  your  attention  to  the  militia  system  of  this 
State. 

I  cull  from  Gen.  Evans'  report,  a  document  of  much  value  to  the 
State  Volunteers,  evincing  much  patient  research,  the  following  in- 
formation, as  showing  the  present  nominal  strength  of  the  State 
Militia  : 

"  By  the  subjoined  tables  and  roster  of  the  militia,  it  appears  that 
at  the  present  time,  there  are  mustered  into  service  under  the  laws 
of  California,  one  hundred  and  forty  companies  of  infantry,  twenty 
companies  of  cavalry,  and  five  companies  of  artillery,  forming  the 
total  number  of  one  hundred  and  sixty-five  companies,  averaging 
each  fifty  men,  and  aggregating  a  force  of  eight  thousand  two  hun- 
dred and  fifty  men.  Of  these  companies  there  have  been  organized, 
armed  and  equipped,  since  May  first,  eighteen  hundred  and  sixty- 
four,  thirty-two ;  and  during  that  period  seven  companies  were  dis- 
banded by  order,  for  failing  to  maintain  organization  according  to 
law,  and  one  other  by  consolidation.  During  the  same  period  one 
regiment  and  three  battalions  have  been  organized." 

The  Legislature,  at  its  last  session,  passed  an  amended  militia  law, 
the  details  of  which  I  am  not  sufficiently  familiar  with  to  discuss. 


26 

It  should  be  your  aim  and  object  to  bring  to  the  training  of  the 
State  militia  the  experience,  discipline  and  drill  that  you  have  ac- 
quired during  the  past  four  years  by  service  in  garrison  and  the  field. 
You  are  competent,  and  should  not  let  deter  you  from  this  arduous 
but  laudable  duty  the  witty  saying  of  the  late  lamented  Phoenix,  who 
pronounced  our  militia  "  soldiers  in  peace,  citizens  in  war."  This 
subject  is  one  of  the  greatest  importance.  So  admirable  and  thor- 
ough is  the  militia  system  of  the  different  cantonments  of  Switzer- 
land, that  this  little  republic  can  in  an  incredibly  short  space  of  time 
throw  into  the  field,  fully  armed  and  equipped,  one  hundred  and 
seventy-five  thousand  disciplined  men.  In  this  respect,  at  the  com- 
mencement of  this  war,  the  South  greatly  excelled  us.  She  had  her 
State  and  private  military  schools,  where  the  officer  was  drilled  and 
educated.  John  Adams  has  remarked  that  the  Republic  had  four 
chief  institutions  which  should  be  "  sacredly  preserved,  as  the  foun- 
dation of  the  liberty,  happiness  and  prosperity  of  the  people,"  and 
these  were,  the  Towns,  the  Churches,  the  Schools,  and  the  Militia. 

In  the  December  ~No.  (1865)  of  Copper's  U.  S.  Service  Magazine 
— a  work,  by  the  way,  which  should  be  read  regularly  by  you  all — 
appears  an  article  on  "Military  Organization,"  by  Major-General 
Thomas  J.  Wood,  commanding  "  Central  District  of  Arkansas,"  a 
West  Point  officer  of  distinction.  Referring  to  the  national  militia 
system,  General  Wood  says : 

"As  intimately  connected  with  the  maintenance  of  the  permanent 
military  establishment  of  the  nation,  the  proper  organization  of  the 
national  militia  is  a  matter  of  grave  importance.  The  subject  should 
early  engage  the  attention  of  Congress,  a  uniform  and  efficient  sys- 
tem be  enacted,  and  its  enforcement  throughout  the  entire  country 
intrusted  to  officers  specially  assigned  to  that  duty.  All  the  arms- 
bearing  citizens  should  be  required  to  do  military  service  a  certain 
portion  of  the  time  in  each  year,  within  the  limits  of  their  own 
States.  By  this  means  the  rudiments  of  military  instruction  would 
be  disseminated  among  the  people.  It  is  not  apprehended  that  the 
military  spirit  of  the  American  people  will  soon  fall  seriously  into 
decay ;  but  it  should  be  borne  in  mind  that  martial  ardor,  unin- 
structed,  will  not  at  once  make  an  efficient  army  out  of  citizens  drawn 
from  all  the  associations  of  peaceful  pursuits.  Whatever  dissemi- 
nates military  instruction  among  the  people  renders  the  formation 
of  an  active  army  more  facile. 

"A  minute  system  of  military  regulations,  comprehending  every 
branch  of  the  military  establishment  —  so  minute,  indeed,  as  to 
meet  as  nearly  as  possible  every  case  that  could  possibly  arise  in 
the  administration  of  the  service  —  should  be  published,  and  the 
observance  of  them  strictly  enforced  alike  on  the  highest  and  the 
lowest.  The  preparation  of  these  regulations  should  be  intrusted  to 


27 

the  most  accomplished  and  best  cultivated  military  men  in  the 
country — men  of  thorough  military  education  and  large  practical 
experience  of  the  administration  of  armies  in  the  field.  Deviation 
from  them  should  be  the  result  of  an  inexorable  necessity  knowing 
no  other  resource,  and  should  be  tolerated  only  in  this  case.  There 
was  much  popular  claptrap  heard  during  the  war  of  the  rebellion 
about  'cutting  red  tape,'  and  the  tape  cutters  were  generally  esteemed 
by  ill-informed  persons  in  the  military  service,  and  by  the  bulk  of 
the  people,  to  have  done  a  very  meritorious  action ;  but  it  is  confi- 
dently believed  such  is  not  the  judgment  of  the  best  informed  mili- 
tary men  of  the  country — men  who  exemplified  in  their  own  careers 
the  necessity  and  propriety  of  a  rigid  obedience  to  law  and  regula- 
tions, and  who,  nevertheless,  did  more  by  far  to  suppress  the  rebel- 
lion than  all  the  red  tape  cutters  to  whom  the  war  gave  a  public  ex- 
istence. It  is  confidently  asserted  that  there  is  no  recorded  instance 
in  which  Generals  Grant,  Sherman  or  Thomas  found  it  necessary  to 
cut  any  red  tape ;  though,  had  it  been  absolutely  necessary  for  the 

food  of  the  country  to  do  so,  they  are  all  men  who  would  promptly 
ave  taken  the  responsibility  of  applying  the  scissors  to  the  most 
time-honored  regulations.  They  obviated  the  necessity  of  pursuing 
a  course  in  conflict  with  the  army  regulations  and  military  laws,  by 
making  proper  and  ample  preparation  in  advance  to  meet,  so  far  as 
human  foresight  could  do  it,  all  the  requirements  of  the  service.  It 
is  not  denied  that  there  may  be  occasions  when  it  may  be  necessary 
for  a  commander  to  adopt  a  course  outside  of  the  regulations,  or 
even  in  direct  conflict  with  them ;  but  it  is  believed  such  instances 
are  few  indeed,  and  can  generally  be  guard^d.againstbv  proper  pre- 
cautions taken  sufficiently  in  advance.  S?  f 

"The  opinion  is  hazarded  that  in  most  of  the  cases  during  the  late 
war,  when  it  was  absolutely  necessary  to  perform  the  popular  oper- 
ation of  cutting  red  tape,  the  necessity  wTas  due  to  the  previous  neg- 
lect of  the  commander,  who,  subsequently,  could  relieve  himself 
from  the  consequences  of  his  previous  neglect  only  by  ignoring  the 
regulations  for  the  administration  of  the  military  service,  and  other- 
wise transcending  the  legitimate  functions  of  his  office. 

"And  the  further  opinion  is  hazarded  that  in  nine  cases  out  often 
in  which  red  tape  was  cut  during  the  war,  it  was  done  more  in  the 
interest  of  the  cutter,  or  to  gratify  some  favorite  whim  or  caprice  of 
his,  than  in  the  interest  of  the  country.  When  the  extent  of  the 
lawlessness  which  was  practiced  during  the  war,  in  setting  aside  laws 
and  trampling  on  the  army  regulations,  is  considered,  it  is  believed 
these  remarks  will  not  be  deemed  unfounded  or  inappropriate. 

"It  has  been  remarked  that  all  military  men  of  every  grade  should 
be  educated  for  the  profession  of  arms.  The  United  States  Military 
Academy,  more  fostered  by  the  Government,  and  its  capacity  suffi- 
ciently expanded  to  furnish  annually  the  number  of  officers  required 
by  the  increasing  demands  of  the  military  service  of  the  country, 
would  nobly  and  amply  supply  the  necessary  theoretic  and  much  ot 
the  practical  military  education.  But,  with  the  organization  herein 
proposed,  the  permanent  military  establishment  would  be  a  vast 


28 

military  school.  In  this  school  young  men  of  natural  adaptability 
for  the  military  profession,  who  have  received  the  necessary  previous 
general  education,  would  soon  acquire  sufficient  military  instruction 
to  entitle  them  to  promotion.  This  they  should  and  doubtless  would 
receive.  The  influence  of  such  promotion  on  the  morale  of  the  army 
would  be  of  the  very  greatest  advantage." 

Such  are  the  opinions  of  an  educated  and  accomplished  soldier, 
who  has  digested  the  subject  thoroughly  and  treated  it  with  a  master 
hand.  Follow  out  these  views,  and  in  the  event  of  another  war, 
foreign  or  domestic,  you  will  have  none  such  pompous  heroes  as  he 
of  Big  Bethel  and  Fort  Fisher,  Benjamin  F.  Butler,  the  greatest 
military  abortion  of  the  present  age,  or  such  Red  River  gasconades 
as  ~N.  P.  Banks,  who,  during  his  campaign  in  the  Southwest,  instead 
of  endeavoring  to  meet  the  enemy  in  the  field,  seemed  principally 
to  devote  his  time  and  consume  the  vast  resources  of  the  Govern- 
ment at  his  command,  in  holding  elections  and  establishing  Sunday 
schools.  Nor  would  it  be  deemed  necessary,  in  order  to  cover  up 
the  Waterloo  defeat  of  a  prominent  politician,  as  was  the  case  of 
Colonel  Baker  at  Ball's  Bluff,  by  the  incarceration  of  a  West  Point 
General.  See  the  case  of  General  Charles  P.  Stone,  who  was  con- 
fined in  Fort  Lafayette  at  the  instance  of  Charles  Sumner  and  his 
radical  crew,  kept  a  close  prisoner  for  a  year,  never  able  to  know 
what  charges  had  been  preferred  against  him,  and  finally  released 
without  a  trial!  History  will  do  General  Stone  justice,  and  here  in 
California  he  is  too  well  known  as  a  true  patriot  and  estimable  gen- 
tleman to  suffer  in  the  estimation  of  those  who  know  him,  because 
he  has  been  made  the  victim  of  an  unholy  crusade,  waged  with  all 
the  vindictiveness  and  pertinacity  of  partisan  warfare. 

My  attention  has  lately  been  called  to  the  repeated  assaults  of  the 
""New  York  Tribune"  against  West  Point,  a  paper  which  is  now 
daily  filled  with  diatribes  and  vulgar  slang,  aimed  at  the  President 
of  the  United  States.  This  paper  has  gone  so  far  as  to  say  that  "the 
regular  army  did  as  much  to  help  the  South  as  the  North."  - 

In  reply  to  this,  a  graduate  of  that  institution  has  furnished  the 
following  statistics,  which  are  a  triumphant  refutation  of  its  vile 
slanders : 

"  Of  the  twelve  hundred  officers  in  the  regular  army  when  the  war 
began,  one  hundred  and  eighty-one  were  killed  while  fighting  for 
the  Union,  and  nearly  five  hundred  wounded — more  than  one  half 
the  original  number  —  yet  they  are  reproached  with  i  gentlemanly 
fighting.'  There  were  in  the  regular  army,  at  the  commencement 
of  the  war,  eight  hundred  and  twenty  graduates  of  West  Point,  of 
whom  one  hundred  and  ninety-seven  resigned  and  joined  the  rebels; 


29 

but  of  the  six  hundred  and  twenty-one  who  remained  and  fought 
for  the  Union,  one  hundred  and  thirty-eight  were  Southern  men." 

Our  first  California  regiments  were  commanded  hy  West  Point- 
ers, and  it  has  heen  the  salvation  of  this  coast  that  we  have  had  such 
experienced  officers  of  the  regular  army  in  the  different  bureaus  of 
military  administration  here. 

Your  Society  has  paid  a  handsome  tribute,  and  most  justly  mer- 
ited it  is,  to  the  present  able  and  accomplished  Assistant  Adjutant- 
General  of  California,  by  naming  him  as  a  member  in  its  Constitu- 
tion. To  Brevet  Brigadier-General  Richard  C.  Drum,  U.  S.  A.,  do 
the  people  of  the  Pacific  slope  owe  an  everlasting  debt  of  gratitude, 
one  they  can  never  repay.  Prompt  and  reliant,  he  has  always  been 
at  his  post  of  duty';  discriminating  in  his  actions  and  possessing  a 
thorough  knowledge  of  our  people  and  their  wants,  his  advice  and 
assistance  have  been  of  the  greatest  importance  to  the  various  heads 
of  departments  with  whom  he  has  been  assigned.  The  California; 
Volunteers  will  never  cease  to  love  and  respect  General  Drum  for 
his  many  acts  of  courtesy  and  kindness  to  them. 

The  recurrence  to  the  session  of  the  last  Legislature  is  as  distaste- 
ful to  me  as  doubtless  it  will  be  to  you.  It  would  be  a  Herculean 
task  to  winnow  the  wheat  from  the  chaff,  and  amidst  the  chaos  of 
heterogeneous  legislation  decipher  any  lasting  good  from  their  sage 
counsels,  with  the  exception,  perhaps,  of  two  saving  clauses  —  the 
passage  of  the  constitutional  amendment  abolishing  slavery,  and  the 
enactment  of  the  registry  law,  and  some  minor  laws. 

In  my  opinion,  it  has  done  much  toward  the  disintegration  of  the 
Union  Party  and  holding  it  up  to  ridicule  in  this  State,  and  that  in 
order  for  us  to  be  successful  in  the  campaign  of  the  ensuing  fall,  we, 
as  a  party,  shall  require  a  thorough  reorganization,  cleaning  the  Au- 
gean stables  from  the  corrupt  and  unprincipled  demagogues  who 
have  for  the  past  four  years  held  riot  in  high  places.  That  this  will 
be  a  task  of  no  easy  accomplishment  it  may  well  be  so  determined 
here.  As  we  are  now  again  entering  upon  the  pursuits  of  civil  life, 
all  of  us  naturally  are  looking  around  for  employment.  Those  who 
were  engaged  in  active  professional  pursuits  find  now  their  places 
filled  and  clients  gone ;  men  formerly  in  business  find  their  associa- 
tions changed  and  new  parties  in  their  places.  The  void  of  four 
years  has  been  supplied  with  new  men.  Besides  all  this,  many  have 
not  the  financial  capital  to  commence  life  anew.  It  is  but  natural', 
then,  that,  the  returned  volunteer  should  look  with  a  longing  eye 
upon  the  numerous  lucrative  State  and  County  offices  to  be  filled  by 
election  by  the  people.  To  the  professional  politician,  and  dominant 


30 

satraps  of  the  present  Union  Party  of  California,  he  will  he  crushed 
at  the  outset  of  his  career,  if  silently  permitted.  The  volunteer  can 
expect  nothing  from  them.  During  the  last  winter,  at  Sacramento, 
the  "slate"  was  made  up  for  next  fall;  and  I  venture  to  assert  that 
not  one  position  has  heeri  assigned  to  the  soldier.  Whilst  Rhode  Island 
elects  Burnside  as  her  Governor,  Ohio  Gen.  Cox,  sending  Schenck 
to  Congress,  Illinois  having  for  Governor  Gen.  Ogleshy,  and  Con- 
necticut Hawley,  and  other  States  showing  their  gratitude  to  the 
military  leaders  of  the  nation,  it  remains  for  California,  under  Re. 
publican  rule,  to  totally  ignore  the  claims  of  her  soldier  sons,  and 
follow  the  dictation  of  a  partisan  Central  Committee  and  a  vascilla- 
ting  and  mediocre  Legislature. 

In  speaking  to  a  prominent  republican  of  this  city  not  long  since 
upon  this  very  subject,  and  urging  the  claims  of  the  soldier  to  party 
consideration,  remarking  that  at  least  he  had  one  chance,  viz :  an 
appointment  in  the  Custom  House  under  General  Miller,  who  would 
probably  fill  it  from  that  class,  he  remarked,  "  General  Miller  had 
better  be  careful  how  he  treads ;  we  won't  stand  it !  Parties  are  sup- 
ported by  politicians ;  they  fight  its  battles  (political,  of  course),  and 
if  we  are  to  have  none  of  the  offices  we  will  let  the  elections  go  by 
default;  the  Democrats  will  sweep  everything,  and  then  there  wil 
be  no  Custom  House  for  the  Volunteer."  This  is  verbatim  et  literatim 
et  punctuatim,  as  I  .recollect  it. 

Here  then  is  the  secret,  the  loaves  and  fishes,  throwing  principle  to 
the  dogs.  Gov.  Marcy  originated  the  expression  "  to  the  victor  be- 
longs the  spoils."  It  remains  now  then  for  you  who  have  fought  for 
and  help  to  win  our  splendid  victory,  whether  you  will  permit  your- 
selves to  be  cheated  out  of  your  well-earned  rights,  by  a  class  of  con- 
ceited, narrow-minded,  illiberal,  predjudiced,  ignorant,  and  illiterate 
gang  of  political  desperadoes,  who  now  hold  carnival  in  the  fat  and 
lust  of  office. 

By  organizing  in  every  town,  hamlet,  precinct,  and  county  in  this 
State,  by  pledging  yourselves  to  stand  by  each  other,  by  acting  in  all 
things  in  unison  and  in  concert,  you  can  make  yourselves  heard  and 
felt.  Such  an  organization  would,  of  course,  be  separate  and  distinct 
from  this,  as  your  Constitution  clearly  indicates.  By  acting  dis- 
jointly  and  disconnectedly  you  will  accomplish  nothing.  To  attain  a 
successful  result  and  render  a  plan  of  this  kind  effective,  you  must 
have  concert  of  action.  But  be  careful  not  to  go  too  far,  do  not  at- 
tempt to  control  the  politics  of  the  State,  although  you  have  fifteen 
thousand  votes  to  start  with,  only  operate  as  a  body  to  be  heard  when 


31 

you  demand  your  proportionate  share,  and  that  only,  of  the  offices 
within  the  gift  of  the  people. 

By  proceeding  prudently  and  wisely,  using  reason  for  your  argument, 
substantiated  by  incontestable  proof,  you  will  rally  around  you  an  army 
of  adherents  that  will  prove  themselves  invincible.  The  tables  will 
be  turned,  and  instead  of  you  humbly  petitioning  for  relief,  as  you 
did  at  the  last  Legislature,  you  will  have  ex-Senators  and  members 
button-holeing  you  for  clerkships,  seeking  your  influence  for  some 
pet  lobby  scheme,  and  before  the  session  is  over,  willing  almost  to 
black  your  boots  and  wear  your  cast-off  habiliments. 

The  manner  in  which  your  claims  were  treated  by  the  last  Legis- 
lature are  too  familiar  to  you  all  to  require  much  comment  here.  It 
but  remains  for  you  to  now  administer  the  rod  of  correction  to  the 
spoilt  child.  To  see  whether  a  grateful  constituency  will  indorse  the 
numerous  peccadilloes  and  shortcomings  of  the  august  body,  which 
for  the  credit  and  safety  of  the  State,  has  been  brought  to  a  close  by 
Constitutional  limitation. 

Of  course  there  are  honorable  exceptions  amongst  all  that  have 
been  classed.  Senator  Lovett,  of  Monterey,  and  Wilcox  of  MarL 
posa,  the  Hercules  of  the  House,  both  introduced  bills  for  our  bene- 
fit, and  are  entitled  to  our  grateful  acknowledgments.  It  is  impos- 
sible to  enumerate  all  bur  friends,  but  they  were  many.  The 
majority,  however,  triumphed ;  and  let  us  say  to  them  in  the  language 
of  the  handwriting  upon  the  wall.  Mem,  mene,  tekel  upharsin.  You 
have  been  weighed  in  the  balance  and  found  wanting. 

I  cannot  bid  farewell  to  this  immaculate  body  of  modern  law 
makers,  without  complimenting  Senator  Freeman,  of  Tulare,  a 
member  of  the  opposition,  and  slightly,  yes,  VERY,  rebellious^  in- 
clined. A  genuine  rebel  and  who  hates  a  Copperhead  cordially. 
He  has  invariably,  through  the  whole  of  the  war,  voted  for  every 
bill  for  the  relief  of  the  officer  and  soldier,  assigning  as  a  reason  that 
they  were  in  the  service  and  should  be  paid  accordingly.  An  exam- 
ple that  might  be  followed  with  credit  by  a  large  majority  who  are 
so  deeply  indignant  at  the  President's  policy,  and  who,  in  their  as- 
sembled wisdom,  presume  to  chalk  out  a  course  for  his  future  ac- 
tion. 

I  cannot,  in  this  connection,  suffer  you  to  think,  that  my  remarks 
as  to  the  unfriendly  and  jealous  feeling  of  the  leaders  of  the  Union 
party  toward  us  as  a  body,  extends  to  the  present  able  and  accom 
plished  Chief  Magistrate  of  this  State.  At  the  first  meeting  of  your 
society,  you  passed  a  very  complimentary  and  well-deserved  resolu- 
tion, acknowledging  the  services  of  Gov.  Low  in  behalf  of  the  volr 


32 

unteers  of  this  State.  No  Union  Governor  has  ever  done  half  as 
much,  Downey  did  nothing.  For  the  recent  appointment  of  Colonel 
Harvey  Lee  as  District  Judge,  and  Doctor  Elliott  as  Quarantine  Offi- 
cer of  this  port,  we  should  publicly  thank  him. 

It  is  with  feelings  mingled  with  much  pleasure  that  I  witness  so 
large  a  gathering  to-night,  on  this  our  first  anniversary.  It  augurs 
well  for  our  success,  and  our  usefulness  and  enjoyment  in  the  future. 

In  parting  from  you  to-night,  before  the  word  farewell  is  said,  let 
us  all  unite  in  solemn  respect  to  the  memory  of  one  whom  in  life  we 
loved  so  dearly,  and  who  is  now  resting  in  the  bosom  of  his  Maker. 
In  the  death  of  General  George  "Wright,  our  late  beloved  command- 
er, the  country  lost  a  true  and  fervent  patriot,  the  State  in  upright 
and  estimable  citizen,  the  army  a  tried  and  gallant  soldier,  the  fire- 
side circle  a  patient  and  humble  Christian,  and  the  California  Vol- 
unteer a  warm  and  earnest  friend. 

So  tender,  kind  and  considerate  was  General  Wright  to  all  his 
subordinates,  that  all  learned  at  once  to  respect  him,  whilst  those 
with  whom  he  was  brought  into  immediate  contact  were  treated 
with  the  utmost  gentleness,  and  loved  him  as  a  father.  He  looked 
upon  his  military  family  with  pride  and  love,  and  nothing  gave  him 
more  delight  than  to  see  them  attain  eminence  in  their  manifold  du- 
ties, and  hear  others  speak  well  of  them. 

Your  attention  has  been  called  to  the  peace  and  unexampled  pros- 
perity of  this  State  during  the  recent  rebellion.  The  whole  indebt- 
edness is  due  to  the  masterly,  energetic  and  thoughtful  policy  inaugu- 
rated at  the  commencement  of  the  war,  and  steadily  adhered  to,  by 
General  Wright. 

He  had  the  implicit  confidence  and  trust  of  our  late  martyred 
President.  The  policy  pursued  here  was  approved  by  him  and  dic- 
tated, I  might  say,  by  his  own  hand.  I  fain  would  read  you  an  au- 
tograph letter  from  President  Lincoln  to  General  Wright,  a  letter 
that  would  forever  silence  the  vile  slanderers  who  traduced  him  dur- 
ing life,  but  it  is  not  here,  where  is  it  ?  floating  unseen  upon  the 
broad  expanse  of  the  Pacific,  where  the  eye  of  the  Almighty  rests 
alone  upon  it.  When  treason  was  most  odious  here,  and  blatant 
traitors  were  becoming  offensive  to  Union  men,  loud  were  the  de- 
nunciations of  General  Wright.  But  that  stern,  grave  old  soldier, 
stood  at  the  helm  of  this  Department,  knowing  the  reefs,  shoals  and 
quicksands  that  threatened  to  engulph  him,  and  nobly  piloted  the 
State  into  a  harbor  of  safety  and  peaceful  quiet.  Never  until  the 
secret  history  of  the  war  is  written  will  the  people  of  California 
know  how  much  they  owe  to  him.  His  death  was  a  Nation's  loss. 


33 

That  so  good  and  pure  a  man  should  have  enemies  would  seem 
passing  strange,  but  since  there  was  one  found  to  betray  him  who 
died  to  save  a  world  of  sin,  so  were  there  those  who  conspired  to 
overthrow  General  Wright,  and  have  him  deprived  of  his  command. 
The  Judas  Iscariots  are  known. 

Posterity  and  the  faithful  historian  will  do  this  noble  man  justice ; 
and  the  monument  to  his  memory,  which  our  last  Legislature  failed 
to  authorize  the  construction  of,  will  yet  be  raised  upon  its  pedestal 
by  the  grateful  State  of  California.  See  that  you  all  enact  your  part 
in  having  this  done. 

But  he  has  passed  away  from  us,  in  company  with  his  beloved 
helpmate,  the  partner  of  his  joys  and  sorrows  for  nearly  a  generation 
of  man.  He  was  summoned  unexpected  into  the  presence  of  his 
Glod.  Had  it  not  been  for  the  malignity  and  devilish  pertinacity 
with  which  he  was  pursued,  he  would  now  be  with  us  in  the  full  tide 
of  life  and  strength.  To  the  wicked  machinations  of  his  traducers, 
does  he  owe  his  death  ;  and,  as  I  stood  in  Sacramento,  beside  the 
grave  of  my  old  Commander,  beholding  pass  away  from  my  sight  all 
that  was  mortal  of  him  I  loved  so  fondly,  and  conscious  of  the  full 
responsibility  I  now  incur  in  making  it  known,  I  swore  eternal  ven- 
geance againt  those  who  had  brought  him  to  his  untimely  end,  and 
offered  up  a  silent  prayer  that,  in  my  humble  way,  I  might  be  made 
an  instrument  in  thwarting  the  unholy  ambition  and  further  progress 
in  political  life,  of  those  harpies  and  fiends  in  human  shape,  who  had 
prostrated  in  death  the  noble  form  which  laid  before  me: 


RECAPITULATION. 


Month. 

Taken  from  Indians. 

Taken  by  Indians. 

Killed  and  Wounded. 

Captured  and 
Surrendered. 

1865. 

1 

1 

a 

j 

"H 

X 

C«ttle. 

Burros. 

(£, 
$5 

€ 

W 

i 

1 

s 

Comis'd 
Officers. 

Enlisted 
Men. 

Citizens. 

Indians. 

Killed. 

1* 

| 

2 

•a 

N 
^ 

1 
M 

I 

1 

5 

I4 

Jan.  3.. 

90 

1 

3 

"    5.. 

11 

"    6.. 
"  11.. 

50 

40 
1 

25 

"  12.. 
1 

62 

25 

1 

8 

1 

1 

1 

*  14.. 

7 

'  15.. 

2 

12 

t 
'  24!! 

200 

23 
19 

5 

...    . 

1 

'  26.. 

i 

4 

7 

c 

20 
18 

6 



Feb.  24. 
March  4. 

'      7. 
'      8. 

„   '    18. 
t 

'    27. 
c 

April  3. 
7. 
"    10. 
"    11. 
44    24. 
May  1.. 
"    3.. 

1 

3,000 

473 
11 

18 

5 

96 

6 

68 

1 

5 

62 

2 

2 

120 

6 
30 

1 

15 

91 

150 

14 

230 
650 

159 
320 

2 

5 

10 

20 

"    9.. 
"  11.. 

5,000 

1,000 

a 

"  25.. 

1 

38 
13 

4 
13 

u  29.. 

3 

1 

JuneS.. 

5 

"  11.. 

g 

1 

'  20.. 

4 

4 
5 

7 
2 

5 

2 
12 



i 

1 

1 

t 

'  28.. 

9 

July  10  . 
Aug.  1.. 

1,435 

302 

is 

6 

1 

4 

"    3.. 
"    6.. 

500 

V! 

50 

9, 

"    7.. 

5 

"  13.. 

<( 

700 

85 

1 

1 

1C 

10 

« 

10 

5 

u 

7 
1 

5 

5 

"  25.. 

1 

3 

2 

.... 



Oct.  20  . 
Nov.  6. 

750 
500 

"    8.. 

3000 

4 

"    9.. 

1 

"  25 

3 

9 

30 
1 

30 



"  27.. 

Dec:.... 

"  15 

175 

1 

1 

1 

14 

7 

"  24.. 

14 

"  25.. 

•; 

q 

1 

"  29.. 

1 

'*  31.. 

» 

4 

31 

IS 

26 

13 

Total  .  . 

12,284 

2,472 

35 

4,250 

154 

32 

1 

2 

6 

23 

18 

363 

140 

8,090 

OFFICIAL  : 


ERASTUS  W.  WOOD,  Aide-de-Camp. 


